Aviation and Airport Development Law : Aviation Lawyer & Attorney : Chevalier Allen & Lichman Law Firm : Airport Development, Environmental Law

February 12, 2010 - A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past ten days.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber. Trisha Ton-Nu also contributed to this post. If you would like to receive this update in an e-mail delivered to your inbox every week, please send an e-mail to subscribe@calairlaw.com with the word “subscribe” in the subject line.

Families of Those Lost in Crash of Flight 3407 Angry With FAA. --- Scott Brown, WGRZ, February 6, 2010
The families of the victims of Flight 3407 are increasingly frustrated and angry with the Federal Aviation Administration, critical of what they see as the agency’s inaction. They are pushing for first officers on regional airlines to have the same flying experience as the pilot’s, but Randy Babbitt, FAA Administrator, said while numbers might be important, the FAA needs to take “a hard look” at all of the elements of training a pilot has been exposed to. The families are now shifting their focus to Congress, where the House has already passed a flight safety bill and the Senate has a similar bill.
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No Way to Run Airlines: FAA Has Done Nothing About Roots of Buffalo Crash. --- New York Daily News, February 8, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration has done little about the safety lapses that were partially responsible for last year’s crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407 near Buffalo, New York. Despite repeated pressure from the National Transportation Safety Board, which made recommendations “time after time,” the FAA ignored them and has a reputation of long and ineffectively attempting to cajole the airlines into reforming themselves.
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Pilots Risk All for Low Hours, Low Pay. --- Miles O’Brien, Marketplace, February 9, 2010
Regional airlines like Colgan have been involved in every one of the last six fatal commercial airline crashes in the U.S. Safety sometimes takes a bottom line at these airlines because they are often paid by the majors on the number of flights they complete, and not the number of passengers they carry. Pilots, too, are only paid for the hours they fly though they may be on duty for many more; as a result they are underpaid and overworked. The current pay scheme could and seems to have undermined safety, though the Regional Airlines Association president insisted profit never trumps safety.
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FAA May Consolidate Northern Ohio Air Traffic Controllers for Efficiency’s Sake. --- Associated Press, February 5, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration is proposing to consolidate air traffic control operations for Akron, Mansfield, Toledo, and Youngstown airports at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Ohio. The agency said no decision has been made and the upgraded Cleveland facility will not be ready before 2015, but that the proposal is considered an efficiency move. The controllers union opposes the move, asserting that emergency flights would be denied contact with controllers who know the local terrain.
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Airport Meeting Yields Ideas, No Decisions. --- Brad Dicken, The Chronicle-Telegram, February 5, 2010
Lorain County, Ohio officials had a private meeting with pilots, condominium owners, and others with a vested interest in Lorain County Regional Airport, but no decision was reached on whether the airport will not be closed. County commissioners intended to close the airport January 15 but faced opposition from airport users and the Federal Aviation Administration, which warned the county it could face a federal lawsuit to keep the airport open. The county is examining ways to increase traffic and thereby revenue at the airport, and how to get federal stimulus money to improve the airport.
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Airport Asks for FAA Help to Keep Wanderers Off of Taxiway. --- Andrew Travers, Aspen Daily News, February 8, 2010
Airport officials for Sardy Field in Colorado have requested the Federal Aviation Administration visit the airport and observe the number of people walking into an area where planes taxi to and from the runway in the section reserved for private jets. The phenomenon is potentially dangerous and the airport is hoping the FAA can assist in brainstorming a way to stop it. Airport director Jim Elwood pointed out that none of these incidents have interfered with flight traffic or put anyone in danger, but said the airport just wants to ensure it is operating at “the highest standard of safety.”
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Agencies to Fault American on Maintenance. --- Andy Pasztor, The Wall Street Journal, February 9, 2010
The Department of Transportation’s inspector general will soon release a report outlining apparent failures by AMR Corp. to identify and promptly resolve aircraft maintenance problems in 2008. American Airlines will be under sharp criticism from the DOT and the Federal Aviation Administration, which both accuse it of serious maintenance lapses.
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Southwest Airlines Facing FAA Safety Investigation. --- Dave Michaels, The Dallas Morning News, February 9, 2010
In the third such investigation in two years the Federal Aviation Administration is examining violations of safety directives by Southwest Airlines. FAA inspectors believe Southwest and a Seattle-area repair station failed to follow federally approved procedures when they carried out repair work on sections of the fuselage. The FAA could levy a fine in the tens of millions of dollars because 44 planes flew more than 100,000 flights while out of compliance. The agency has also become stricter in regards to federal airworthiness regulations after a 2008 congressional investigation found some FAA officials in North Texas became too “cozy” with carriers like Southwest.
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American Airlines, Southwest, FAA Under Fire. --- Gary Stoller, USA Today, February 10, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating both American Airlines and Southwest Airlines over aircraft maintenance problems. The investigations may result in the biggest fines in aviation history and could approach the $10.2 million fine the agency proposed against Southwest two years ago. The FAA itself is under scrutiny as the Transportation Department’s inspector general will soon release an audit criticizing the FAA for its lax maintenance oversight of American.
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Report: American Airlines May Face Eight-Figure Fine. --- Triangle Business Journal, February 10, 2010
Though sources told the Associated Press that the Federal Aviation Administration could hit American Airlines with a fine similar to the $10.2 million penalty assessed against Southwest Airlines in 2008, an FAA spokesman said the investigation was not finished and that it was too early to speculate on the amount. The investigation was launched in 2008 after safety concerns were raised about nearly 300 of the carrier’s MD-80 aircraft: improper bundling of wires in the wheel well posed a fire hazard. The problem has been fixed but the probe uncovered other possible irregularities and violations in American’s maintenance operations.
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DOT Temporarily Grants Delta/US Airways Slot Waiver. --- Department of Transportation, February 9, 2010
The Department of Transportation has tentatively decided to grant the waiver requested by Delta Airlines and US Airways to proceed with their proposed slot swap transaction at Reagan Washington National Airport and New York’s LaGuardia Airport. The airlines are required to sell some of their slot interests to carriers with no or limited service at the two airports, to lessen the harm to consumers that might otherwise result from the two airlines’ increased dominance there.
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Delta, US Airways May Call Off Slot Swap. --- Andrew Compart, Aviation Week, February 11, 2010
Delta and US Airways said they will cancel their slot swap deal at Washington National and New York LaGuardia airports if the Federal Aviation Administration does not change the conditions it wants to attach to approval of the transaction. The carriers believe that the requirement to sell some of their slot interests to carriers with no service or limited service at the two airports would negatively impact consumers and the economic benefits created by the swap. The FAA’s decision is not final and interested parties have 30 days to comment on the tentative decision before it is made final or finalized with changes.
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FCC Joins Search for Solution to Airport’s ILS Woes. --- Walt Nett, Avalanche-Journal, February 10, 2010
The Federal Communications Commission has joined the Federal Aviation Administration in searching for the causes of interference that have plagued the instrument landing system at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport in Texas for more than a week. An FAA check airplane flew several approaches and gave the system a clean bill of health on Tuesday, February 9, but pilots later began reporting sporadic interference with the signal.
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Time for the City to Privatize Midway Airport. --- Jerry Roper, Chicago Tribune, February 10, 2010
Mayor Richard Daley should affirm his commitment to privatization of Midway Airport in Chicago, Illinois, an initiative that could provide money for infrastructure improvements and shore up public pensions. Midway has become a phenomenal success story under the mayor’s leadership, but it must be privatized for the city to tap into its value. Economic conditions are significantly better than they were two years ago when a similar plan to privatize the airport fell through, and the mayor will hopefully relaunch the long-term lease of Midway soon.
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Modifications Could Affect Local Airport., --- Crystal Tatum, Newton Citizen, February 10, 2010
A Federal Aviation Administration proposal to expand airspace for Class B commercial aircraft at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Georgia could affect aviators at nearby Covington Municipal Airport and city and county residents. The proposed changes come in response to air traffic controllers’ having difficulty spotting aircraft in the current airspace. The modifications would mean more noise and more traffic congestion as all the larger aviation will be flying closer to the ground and pushing general aviation below them.
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Smaller Jets Gain Bigger Role at O’Hare. --- Chicago Tribune, February 11, 2010
Smaller jets are taking on a larger role at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, with United and American Airlines, the airport’s two major tenants, scheduling two regional jet flights for every one flown on larger jets. The airlines are making the changes because the regional jets are cheaper to fly and they are increasingly deployed for travel to big cities such as Boston, New York, and Miami, but passengers are not thrilled as the regional jets are less comfortable. Aviation consultants say airlines’ increased reliance on regional jets is a trend that is not likely to abate in the future.
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FAA Safety Reforms Finally Going to Senate. --- Jerry Zremski, The Buffalo News, February 11, 2010
A week of the U.S. Senate floor time will be scheduled in March for the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill, including its safety provisions. Several of the provisions address concerns that the National Transportation Safety Board listed last week as part of its investigation into the crash of Continental Connection Flight 3407 near Buffalo, New York, last year. The bill would raise pilot-training standards and set requirements for the airlines’ remedial training programs, as well as mandate other increased safety initiatives. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid finally made the commitment to move the FAA bill up by six months because the Senate has passed its version of health care reform, which had kept it occupied for months, and because the latest in a series of short-term extensions of the FAA bill is set to expire March 31.
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Airport to Conduct Study on Wildlife Hazards for Planes. --- Eve Byron, Independent Record, February 12, 2010
Helena Regional Airport in Montana is undertaking a wildlife hazard assessment over concerns about the potential of a devastating collision between birds and airplanes. The one-year study, paid for with $125,000 from the Federal Aviation Administration, will look at birds, deer, elk, and other wildlife that could cause problems at the 13,050-acre airport. A qualified airport wildlife biologist will be hired to complete the study and that person will also look at wildlife habitats in and around the airport, and may be able to make suggestions, like changing flight patterns if birds are a problem.
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FAA Could Be Player in Airport Closure Battle. --- Cindy Leise, The Chronicle-Telegram, December 18, 2009
Lorain County commissioners have been debating closing Lorain County Regional Airport in Elyria, Ohio as they meet to approve a 2010 budget. The closure of the airport could result in a lawsuit, however, as the Federal Aviation Administration has given Lorain County millions of dollars over the years and expects the airport to remain open. The county commissioners are exploring options to keep the airport open while discussing closure.
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Transit, Airport Changes Coming January 15. --- Cindy Leise, The Chronicle-Telegram, December 29, 2009
Lorain County commissioners plan to close Lorain County Regional Airport in Elyria, Ohio on January 15, and possibly eliminate some transit routes. Commissioners cut their $500,000 of support for transit and are working to bring in extra federal money, but the county does not yet know how much might be forthcoming and cannot solidify plans at this time. Johnson Aviation Co., which sells fuel at the airport, has retained an attorney to challenge whether the county can eliminate financial support for the airport and close it. There is no word yet from the Federal Aviation Administration as to what action is planned to prevent a closing.
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County, FAA to Face Off OverAirport. ‑-- Kelly Metz, The Morning Journal, January 7, 2010
Lorain County commissioners met with Federal Aviation Administration officials in Chicago, Illinois to discuss the county of Lorain County Regional Airport in Elyria, Ohio. The airport was supposed to be shut down on Dec. 31, but was able to stay open a few weeks past deadline. The commissioners will work with the FAA to determine possible solutions to keep the airport operating, as the FAA took action regarding the closing of the airport since the agency had more than $9.2 million in grants invested.
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County Officials Meet with FAA About Airport, But Legal Battle Likely. --- Brad Dicken, The Chronicle-Telegram, January 8, 2010
The meeting between Lorain County officials and the Federal Aviation Administration was “very good, long, [and] intensive,” but there was no successful outcome and a legal battle is likely. The FAA warned the county that a move to close the airport would result in the agency launching an investigation to try to force the airport to remain in operation. The FAA could also ask a federal judge to issue an order to keep the airport operating, though the county would likely fight such a legal challenge and move forward with its plans to close the airport.
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U.S. Airlines Must Let Passengers Off Stuck Planes. --- John Hughes, Bloomberg, December 21, 2009
Under a new federal rule, U.S. airlines must let passengers off planes that are stuck on airport tarmacs after three hours, as well as provide drinking water and snacks after two hours. Airlines that don’t comply could face fines of up to $27,000 a passenger. Carriers oppose the standard, because they believe it will lead to more canceled flights and greater passenger inconvenience. Though the rule applies only to domestic flights, those flights would be exempt if pilots cite safety or security concerns, or if air-traffic controllers determine that returning a plane to the gate would disrupt airport operations.
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New DOT Consumer Rule Limits Airline Tarmac Delays, Provides Other Passenger Protections. --- Department of Transportation Press Release, December 21, 2009
The new Department of Transportation consumer rule limiting airline delays will significantly strengthen consumer protections. DOT Secretary Ray LaHood said that “airline passengers have rights,” and that the new rules will require airlines to live up to obligations to treat their customers fairly. The rule was adopted in response to the high incidence of flight delays and other consumer problems.
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DOT’s 3-Hour Limit on Tarmac Delay Holds - Does It Help or Will Just Make Things Worse? --- Steven Taber, Aviation & Airport Development Law, December 22, 2009
The Department of Transportation’s new rule governing passengers’ treatment for delayed flights enhances passenger protections, but could make things worse in terms of consumer friendliness. Airlines might cancel flights instead of having them wait, for example, and the rule might actually limit passengers’ legal remedies.
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FAA Reminds Employees to Act With Decorum. --- Associated Press, December 22, 2009
Hidden television news cameras showed Federal Aviation Administration employees partying while they were in Atlanta for a $5 million training program, prompting the FAA to remind its employees to act with decorum. The footage showed some of the employees drinking heavily and going to local bars after the meetings.
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Few Aviation-Related Injuries Involve Commercial Craft, Data Show. --- Nicholas Bakalar, The New York Times, December 21, 2009
Researchers analyzing data from 2000 through 2006, gathering information on crashes, parachuting accidents, and other injuries found that more than 1,000 people are hospitalized for aviation-related injuries, with only one-tenth of them passengers in commercial aircraft. The military services established effective surveillance systems to track aviation injuries, but the sources of information on nonmilitary injuries is not as complete.
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FAA Accepts Luis Munoz Marin Airport In Privatization Program. --- Wall Street Journal, December 23, 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration accepted a preliminary application from Puerto Rican airport officials to enter Luis Munoz Marin International Airport into the agency’s airport-privatization program. Puerto Rico can now begin soliciting bids from private investors who may be interested in operating the airport.
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Airlines Turn to Biofuel.

--- Sarah Nassauer, Grace L. Williams, and Angel Gonzalez,

Wall Street Journal

, December 24, 2009

Fifteen major airlines and air-cargo companies are negotiating to buy billions of gallons of fuels made from vegetable oil, coal, and petroleum coke, a petroleum-refining byproduct. The fuel has a smaller carbon footprint than petroleum, and the Federal Aviation Administration recently approved use of this type of fuel in commercial flights when blended equally with traditional jet fuel. However, though these fuels burn more cleanly than traditional jet fuel, there is only a “small reduction” of emissions over the life cycle of the product.

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Court Nixes Defense in FAA Squatting Case. --- Annie Youderian, Courthouse News Service, December 28, 2009
The Court of Federal Claims granted a motion striking one of the government’s defenses in a rental property dispute after the Federal Aviation Administration admitted that it kept operating an aircraft guidance station on leased property in Mississippi after its lease expired.
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D/FW Airport Gets $2.3 Million to Rehab One of Its Main Runways. --- Andrea Ahles, Sky Talk, December 29, 2009
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in Texas will receive $2.3 million in federal stimulus dollars for a runway rehab program. Construction on the project is expected to start soon and will include the rehabilitation of concrete slabs and joint repairs on the 13,400-foot runway. The project is one of 360 airport-related projects being given $1.1 billion in funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
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AA Mechanics Lobby Congress: Union Officials Say Unsupervised Offshore Airline Maintenance Facilities May Pose Safety Risks. --- D.R. Stewart, Tulsa World, December 16, 2009
U.S. airline mechanics are lobbying Congress to require more oversight of foreign repair stations, citing lax security and the absence of drug and alcohol testing. Many U.S. carriers have tried to cut costs by outsourcing aircraft maintenance to domestic and foreign providers, and the Federal Aviation Administration does not properly supervise the foreign maintenance.
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10,000 Tasks Later, Delta Merger Complete. --- United Press International, December 29, 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration has been reviewing the merger between Delta and Northwest Airlines and a spokeswoman said it is ready for an official stamp of approval. The regulatory review included scrutiny of the merger from the point of view of safety, including operations, training, policies, and paperwork.
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Wind Turbine Rises Up at Major Vermont Airport. --- Nino Marchetti, Earth Techling, December 30, 2009
A 100-foot wind turbine has been installed at Burlington International Airport in Vermont, a first in the United States. In conjunction with a 25kW solar electric system and a solar hot water system, the combined energy products will reportedly offset approximately $14, 600 in energy costs each year and produce enough energy to power over 40 Vermont homes. The wind turbine installation underwent intense scrutiny from the Federal Aviation Administration before it was given the green light.
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FAA and Taxpayers Prop Up Small, Little-Used Airports. --- Thomas Frank, USA Today, December 31, 2009
A USA Today analysis shows that the Federal Aviation Administration has given $240 million to upgrade airports owned by businesses and used exclusively for private airplanes. Most airports that get federal grants are owned by cities or counties, while this money has aided about 50 privately owned airports. The FAA responded that the privately funded airports benefit the public by providing landing areas for private airplanes that would otherwise congest nearby commercial hubs, but is considering more stringent policies.
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O’Hare to Get Body Scanners. --- Mary Wisniewski, Chicago Sun-Times, December 30, 2009
O’Hare Airport in Chicago, Illinois will be getting body-scanning security equipment sometime this year, raising concerns with privacy advocates who worry that the equipment would interfere with passengers’ rights. Billie Vincent, former head of security for the Federal Aviation Administration and Chicago Aviation Commissioner Rosemarie Andolino both said such scanners are overdue and necessary for O’Hare. The technology can reveal plastic or chemical explosives and even non-metallic weapons.
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Airpark Arouses Interest of Lawmakers.
U.S. Senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley and U.S. Representative Kurt Schrader sent a collective letter to the Federal Aviation Administration seeking clarification of a recent FAA memo addressing “Through The Fence” agreements. The memo indicated that the FAA was opposed to such agreements and that public airports not in compliance with TTF rules could forfeit federal funding. The legislators wrote to the FAA to ask what the memo would mean to Independence Airpark and any TTF agreements it currently has with the Oregon Department of Aviation and the FAA.
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FAA Watching American After December Mishaps. --- Eva-Marie Ayala, Star-Telegram, January 1, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration increased oversight of American Airlines after three mishaps during landings in December, involving jetliners’ wingtips touching the ground during landings and a plane overshooting the runway. The FAA is reviewing those events to determine whether they might be indicative of a larger issue, and there may be additional enforcement actions.
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Flight Crews Have Latitude in Pegging Threatening Behavior. --- Hugo Martin, Los Angeles Times, January 2, 2010
The Transportation Security Administration has given airline crews new discretion to deal with threats on U.S.-bound planes, but flight crews and passengers have often differed over what is acceptable behavior on a plane. Flight crews have the final say, however, because they act on the pilot’s behalf and thereby share the pilot’s authority as to the operation of the aircraft.
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Pilots Warn of Safety Lapses at Regional Airlines. --- Alexandra Andrews, ProPublica, December 30, 2009
Regional airlines usually team up with major airlines to offer cheap costs in exchange for the major airline’s name on its flights, but safety measures can fall along with the price. Bloomberg News found a disconcerting number of safety concerns at regional airlines, and Senator Mark Begich, a member of the aviation subcommittee, said the Federal Aviation Administration has failed to ensure regional airlines are as safe as their major partners.
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Safety Issues Persist as Air Deaths Drop. --- Daniel Michaels, Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2010
Though last year was one of the safest in decades for airline passengers, many of the incidents that did occur highlight basic safety shortcomings. The rate of major accidents dropped sharply over the past decade with most of the improvement accomplished by 2005, and has held roughly steady for the past 5 years. The data show a “mixed picture” because many accidents are now survivable as a result of improvements in airplane design and safety features.
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Crowd Against Passenger Service at Paine Field. --- Lynn Thompson, The Seattle Times, January 4, 2010
Residents of Mukilteo and its surrounding communities in Washington told the Federal Aviation Administration that introducing passenger service at Paine Field would cause significant commercial impacts and turn the pleasant suburbs into a place of “noise, traffic, motels and declining property values.” Some business and economic-development leaders do support the introduction of passenger service, citing quieter planes and stating that adding commercial service would create no significant impact. The Federal Aviation Administration will hold two more hearings to take public comment on the environmental assessment released in December for the proposal.
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Dartmouth Select Board OKs Permit for Two Wind Turbines. --- Curt Brown, The Standard-Times, January 5, 2010
The Select Board in Dartmouth, Massachusetts unanimously approved a permit for 328-foot wind turbines on town-owned land off Chase Road. Voters will be asked to approve financing for the turbines at a special Town Meeting on January 26 for the $9.2 million project. The project will also have to be reviewed by the town’s Conservation Commission, the Department of Environmental Protection, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Massachusetts Aeronautic Commission. There is a possibility that a group of residents in the Chase Road area will bring legal action against the town to stop the project.
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Dartmouth Wind Turbine Obstructs Airport Traffic, FAA Rules. --- Curt Brown, The Standard-Times, January 8, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration ruled that one of two proposed wind turbines in Dartmouth, Massachusetts is a hazard to air traffic and must be lowered. The FAA’s review found that the north turbine’s height would have an adverse physical or electromagnetic interference upon air traffic at nearby New Bedford Regional Airport, and recommended lowering the height to 417 feet. A councilman said the town will conduct a site survey and attempt to win FAA approval for a height of 428 feet. Dartmouth’s application for the south turbine is still pending with the FAA.
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Shaffer Mountain Wind Farm Permit Process Ongoing. --- Dan DiPaolo, Daily American, January 4, 2010
Developers of Shaffer Mountain Wind Farm in Pennsylvania are continuing with the state and federal permiting process for the 30-turbine project. A previous permit expired and wind energy developer Gamesa Energy USA is seeking second approval from the Federal Aviation Administration. Opponents of the project believe it would negatively impact the area, and FAA officials found 15 of the 30 turbines were presumed hazards and will need further study of the project.
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Somerset Wind Turbines Seen as Aviation Hazard. --- Don Hopey, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 6, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration found half of the 30 windmills proposed by Gamesa Energy USA for a wind power project a hazard to aviation, but the project will require further study. The FAA said even a final determination would not stop the development because the agency lacks the federal authority to do so, but the FAA could work with the developer to alter the height and location of the turbines.
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Airpark’s Federal Grant Afloat in Jet Stream of Controversy. --- Andrew Eder, The News Journal, January 5, 2010
Delaware Airpark in Cheswold is one of many small airports across the country that depend on federal money for capital improvements. The airport does not make enough money to cover its expenses but received a $909,806 grant that it is using to build a new 4,200-foot runway. Critics say there needs to be harder scrutiny as to which airports should receive the grants, which are disproportionately given to airports with few or no paying passengers and benefit only a small group of private pilots.
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Midway Airport Privatization Prepares to Take Off Again. --- Paul Merrion, Chicago Business, January 5, 2010
Chicago is close to completing its plans to revive privatization of Midway Airport in Illinois. Flight volume at Midway was up 4% and passenger traffic was up more than 14% in November, compared with the same month in 2008. Talks will likely resume soon with potential investors and operators who previously bid on privatizing Midway last year, but Southwest Airlines is still onboard with the city’s legal and financial team.
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Daley Hints at Privatizing MidwayAirport. --- WLS-TV, January 6, 2010
Chicago, Illinois Mayor Richard Daley hinted that the city may push to privatize Midway Airport once the economy improves. A deal fell apart last spring because of financing issues, but the mayor said it is “very progressive” legislation that cities have done all over the world.
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Bakersfield Airport Shut After Hazardous Material is Found in Checked Bag. --- Dan Weikel, Los Angeles Times, January 5, 2010
Bakersfield Airport in California was shut down and some arriving flights were diverted to nearby Los Angeles International Airport after a hazardous material was found in a checked bag. A hazardous material crew and bomb squad were also called to the airport.
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FAA Issues Final Rule Allowing the Use of Additional Portable Oxygen Concentrator Devices Onboard Aircraft. --- Federal Register, January 6, 2010
The Federal Aviation Administration announced a new final rule that will allow the use of four additional portable oxygen concentrator (POC) devices on board aircraft. When the rule becomes effective there will be 11 different FAA-suitable POC devices acceptable for onboard use. Passengers will be able to carry these devices on board the aircraft and operate them with the approval of the aircraft operator.
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EPA Proposes to Expand Lead Monitoring. --- Aviation News, January 6, 2010The Environmental Protection Agency proposed to expand the lead air quality monitoring network to include sources that emit a half ton or more of lead annually, compared to the current threshold of one ton a year. The proposed changes would expand the existing network by approximately 140 sites, and airports would be treated the same as other sources of lead when determining if source-oriented lead monitoring is needed.
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A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past week.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber. Trisha Ton-Nu also contributed to this post. If you would like to receive this update in an e-mail delivered to your inbox every Wednesday, please send an e-mail to subscribe@calairlaw.com with the word “subscribe” in the subject line.

$3.3M Airport Project in Works. --- Stillwater News Press, November 24, 2009
Stillwater Regional Airport in Oklahoma was approved for a $3.3 million taxiway and apron project that may be built in mid-2011. Five percent of the project will be funded by the state and Stillwater City Council, while federal money will account for the remaining 95 percent. The improvement plan will stall however until Congress approves a budget for the Federal Aviation Administration; Congress has passed a resolution providing temporary funding while it reviews and approves the FAA’s budget.
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FAA Fines Airlines for Stranding. --- United Press International, Inc., November 24, 2009
Federal Aviation Administration regulators fined three airlines $175,000 for an August incident where passengers were stranded overnight in a plane in Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood expressed his hope that the FAA’s investigation and resulting fine would serve as a signal to the rest of the airline industry that the DOT is expecting airlines to respect air travelers’ rights. The penalty is the first of its kind for the FAA, involving passengers left on the tarmac for an unreasonable period.
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Rockefeller Eyes FAA Extension. --- Adrian Schofield, Aviation Week, November 25, 2009
Commerce Committee Chairman Jay Rockefeller is proposing extending the Federal Aviation Administration’s operating authority through the end of March 2010. The seventh and current extension expires December 31, and it is likely that Congress would need even another extension into the summer. Airport groups will likely be frustrated as they have been pushing for the reauthorization bill to be passed this year, though it is unlikely airlines will be upset since they oppose some significant elements of the House bill.
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Aviation Industry Seeks Stimulus Money to Cut Delays at the Airport. --- Jim Snyder, The Hill, November 26, 2009
Commercial airlines and the private and business aviation industry have joined together to ask Congress to add money for a new air traffic control system in a second stimulus. The two lobbies agree that the NextGen system of satellite-based radar would reduce flight delays and help meet the growing demand for flight travel, but have been divided over how to pay for it.
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Jet Contrails Alter Average Daily Temperature Range. --- Science Daily via Jonathan Guillou, November 28, 2009
A study conducted during the three days after September 11, 20001, when the Federal Aviation Administration grounded commercial aircraft in the U.S., found that jet exhaust contrails affected average daily temperature ranges. Contrails form when water vapor and particles from jet engine exhaust enter the atmosphere, but not all jet exhausts create contrails, especially in warmer areas. Without the contrails from September 11-14, 2001, the daytime temperature was slightly higher and the nighttime temperature slightly lower, creating an increased range between the lowest and highest temperatures. Contrails alter temperature the way natural high clouds do, with the layer of ice crystals shielding the ground from some of the sun’s energy during the day, and preventing some of the Earth’s heat from dissipating into the vaccum at night.
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Wayward Pilots Were “Distracted,” Transcripts Show. --- Matthew Wald, New York Times, November 27, 2009
Transcripts from the October Northwest Flight 188 incident involving a Northwest Airlines plane that overshot its destination and was out of radio contact for over an hour reveal that the pilots were distracted. The transcripts and audio files were released Friday, November 27, 2009 by the Federal Aviation Administration, but the National Transportation Safety Board, which is also investigating, may release the transcript or a summary of it later this year. The FAA classified the incident as a “pilot deviation” and revoked the licenses of the two pilots, who are appealing.
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Report: FAA Accused of “Gross Mismanagement” at Newark Airport. --- David Porter, Associated Press, November 28, 2009
The Office of Special Counsel, a federal agency that handles whistle-blower complaints, has accused the Federal Aviation Administration of endangering public safety by not changing landing procedures at Newark International Airport in New Jersey. An air traffic controller filed a complaint last year describing safety issues with planes landing on intersecting runways at the airport. The report was filed last month and the FAA said it would make changes to the landing procedures by October 26, and later reported that it had done so when it hadn’t. The Office of Special Counsel sent a letter November 19 to White House counsel Gregory Craig reporting the FAA’s gross mismanagement.
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Coyotes Pose an Obstacle at North Carolina Airport. --- McClatchy Newspapers, November 27, 2009
Airport officials at Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina have noted a recent increase in the number of coyotes crossing the paths of taxiing airplanes and are looking to address the problem. Airport workers and federal wildlife managers usually try to scare coyotes off with cap guns or bottle rockets, but the airport is working on a larger wildlife management plan for the Federal Aviation Administration to review. The proposal recommends improving fencing and keeping grasses trimmed low to manage coyotes and other wildlife on the property.
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Edward Stimpson, Aviation Advocate, Dies at 75. --- John Miller, Associated Press, November 26, 2009
Edward Stimpson, an aviation advocate who pushed to rejuvenate struggling small aircraft manufacturers in the 1990s, died Wednesday, November 25, 2009 from complications related to lung cancer. He was a major proponent of legislation signed by President Bill Clinton in 1994 to prevent general aviation companies from being named as defendants in lawsuits in crashes of small planes 18 years old or older. He also advocated against record flying attempts and was a chairman of the “Be A Pilot” education and research program aimed at increasing the number of people learning to fly.
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Airports Push for Increased Facility Charge. --- Carl Unger, Smarter Travel, November 30, 2009
U.S. airports would like to see the current passenger facility charge (PFC) of $4.50 increased to $7.50 per segment, a 66 percent increase. The fees go toward updating runways, gates, and terminal facilities, but airports say they need higher fees to keep up with the rising costs of these improvements. Airlines oppose the proposed raise, saying that it would impose an additional and unwarranted $2-billion-per-year tax increase on commercial passengers. 
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Airports Want Passenger Fee Charge Increased. --- Roger Yu, USA Today, November 30, 2009
Airports have been lobbying Congress to raise the cap on passenger facility charges (PFCs) that fliers pay as part of their airline tickets, to index them to the inflationary cost of construction. Airlines oppose the increase, but airports have raised more than $27.5 billion since Congress approved the facility charge in 1992. John Meenan of the airline association says airports have too often used the money for projects they shouldn’t that the Federal Aviation Administration has been lax in approving.
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Regulators Reject Boeing 777 Safety Warnings. --- Andy Pasztor, Wall Street Journal, November 30, 2009
Federal Aviation Administration regulators have decided to allow more than 60 Boeing Co. 777 jetliners to continue flying long-distance international trips through early 2011 despite safety warnings from crash investigators and pilots. The jetliners have suspect parts that have caused engines in extremely rare instances to ice up and shut down in midair.
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Mending Fences: FAA Proposes Guidance on Through-The-Fence Operations. --- Mike France, National Air Transport Association, November 30, 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration released a proposed guidance document on through-the-fence (TTF) operations at federally obligated airports that has generated some controversy. A TTF agreement is an agreement entered into by an airport sponsor that would allow access to airport facilities by aircraft based on property adjacent to, but not owned by, the airport. The FAA’s proposed strict prohibition on TTF access for residential uses may create situations where airports’ sponsors are forced to use extraordinary measures to cancel existing TTF agreements. The National Air Transport Association is hoping to work with the FAA to ensure that existing agreements are structured in a way that honors their original intent without placing airports in danger of violating grant assurances.
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FAA Bans Takeoff with “Polished Frost.” --- Aubrey Cohen, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, November 30, 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration announced a new law which will take effect January 30 banning takeoffs with “polished frost” on the wings, stabilizers, and control surfaces of several classes of aircraft. Major and regional air carriers are already prohibited from operating with polished frost, but the new rule will affect 57 operators flying 188 aircraft.
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FAA Press Release: FAA Bans Takeoffs with “Polished Frost.” ---Federal Aviation Administration, November 30, 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration’s new rules, effective January 30, 2010, will prohibit takeoffs with “polished frost,” for several classes of aircraft. Frost can affect wings aerodynamics and control surfaces, and the new rules include four alternatives to removing frost that operators may consider.
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Plume of Pollutants From a Small Airport. --- Henry Fountain, New York Times, November 30, 2009
A study of the air around Santa Monica Airport by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles found high concentrations of ultrafine particles of organic carbon and sooty black carbon that extended in a plume more than 2,000 feet downwind of the airport—longer than those typically found around highways in daytime. Dr. Paulson, one of the researchers, said that epidemiological studies have shown the health risks associated with these kinds of emissions by vehicles, but that there has not been similar analyses done around airports. Air quality around airports has not been studied much and when it has, the focus has usually been on larger airports.
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FAA Clarifies What Can Be Stowed in Seat Back. --- Joe Sharkey, New York Times, November 30, 2009
New Federal Aviation Administration guidelines clarify formerly confusing policies on whether passengers may put personal items in airplane seat-back pockets. In a recent FAA clarification notice sent to airlines, the notice stated that airline seat pockets are designed to safely hold about three pounds of weight and small, lightweight items can be placed in the pocket without exceeding its total designed weight limitation or blocking anyone from safely evacuating the row of seats. The status quo has allowed for items of reasonable size to be placed in the seat-back pocket, but airlines were being told different things by regional FAA inspectors, perhaps prompting the need for the clarification.
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FAA Asked to Do More to Fix Morale. --- Sholnn Freeman, Washington Post, December 1, 2009
A Government Accountability Office report released Monday, November 30, 2009 called on the Federal Aviation Administration to step up its efforts to promote diversity and do more to counter low morale by broadening its training programs. The GAO said the FAA’s morale and culture problems could obstruct its ability to attract and retain tech-savvy workers, critical as the need for workers will grow as the FAA moves to more advanced equipment and faces a wave of retirements.
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GAO Report: Mica Attacks Controllers as Cause For Morale Problems at FAA. --- The Potomac Current and Undertow, December 1, 2009
After the recently released Government Accountability Office report on poor Federal Aviation Administration morale, Representative John Mica attacked air-traffic controllers as the cause of the problems. He also said that conditions would be unlikely to improve under a “controversial labor contract” that unfairly benefited only one group of FAA employees.
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On November 10, 2009, Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood posted a blog on the Department of Transportation website entitled "The FAA, an Active and Vigilant Partner in Aviation Safety." In his post, Secretary LaHood made the point that the Federal Aviation Adminsitration is seeking to be proactive with respect to safety and "move aggressively to put new safety measures in place." And, in so doing, move forward by working with "key stakeholders to solve aviation problems."

 

The basic point--that safety is this DOT's number one priority--cannot be said too many times. However, I think it's important to make one other point very clearly:

The Obama Administration's Federal Aviation Administration is an active and vigilant partner, and we are moving aggressively to put new safety measures in place.

Now, there are two parts to this claim.

One--the new FAA is active and vigilant.

For that look no further than the recent incident where two Northwest Airlines pilots overflew their destination on the way to Minneapolis. The FAA took action immediately, revoking the pilots’ licenses within a matter of days.

Two--the new FAA is a partner, working with key stakeholders to solve aviation problems.

In June, for example, we issued a call to action encouraging all players in the aviation industry-–labor, management, and the FAA--to come together to scrutinize operations, share best practices, and implement actions we know can improve safety. 

 

To his post, I made this comment.

While I do not for a moment doubt the sincerity of the FAA's statement that safety is its number one priority, since as a former FAA employee, I know firsthand the commitment the agency and its staff have to safety. The issue I have is when the FAA hides its actions behind the mantra of "safety."

Take, for example, the institution of a RNAV procedure at an airport. To say that the purpose and need for the RNAV procedure is to enhance safety is not entirely accurate. The need for an RNAV procedure is to allow, among other things, shorter separation between planes and more accurate flight tracks. Do those goals create a safer environment for those on the plane or on the ground? Perhaps, but safety is really a secondary goal - a by-product, if you will, of the primary goals.

While whether a RNAV procedure is a safety concern or a congestion concern may be a minor thing, the stakes get raised when the legal consequences are considered. The FAA has long recognized that if denominates the purpose of a project as being "safety," it will get less resistance from the public, and from the courts, if litigation results. That would not be the case if the purpose were "convenience," "ease of congestion" or even "efficiency." Thus, when the FAA drafts an Environmental Impact Report pursuant to the National Environmental Protection Act, it knows that, whatever the project, the purpose and need has to be "safety."

If everything is about safety, then nothing is about safety. Denominating safety as the purpose for every project, diminishes the impact that projects that ARE about safety will have. I applaud the FAA safety efforts, particularly with respect to pilots and air traffic controllers, and hope that it is successful instituting the needed changes in its infrastructure to enhance safety even more. But when a project is clearly not about safety or, at best, a minor part of the purpose of the project, the FAA has tell the public the truth.

The point is: too often the FAA hides behind "safety" to protect itself from criticism about its projects.  Too often valid debate about the need for FAA projects, e.g., runway extensions, RNAV procedures, control towers, etc., is muted because the FAA wraps them up in the mantle of safety.  If the true purposes for the projects are announced, then the debate about whether the project's pros can be balanced by the cons can be effectively debated. And that, is the whole point of requiring federal agencies to make their projects known to the public.

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A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past week.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber. Trisha Ton-Nu also contributed to this post.

• O’Hare Airport hit for safety violations in FAA report. During routine inspections at O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, IL, the Federal Aviation Administration uncovered several violations that endanger airplanes at the most critical phases of flight: takeoffs and landings. In a “letter of correction” to Chicago, the FAA said that O’Hare is out of compliance with federal aviation law and that the airport’s self-inspection program does not reflect actual conditions in the field. The problems noted at O’Hare, considered major violations, have almost all been corrected already and a spokesman for the Chicago Department of Aviation said the rest will be resolved by the end of November. 9/24/09, Jon Hilkevitch, Chicago Tribune, http://bit.ly/xbMHb
• House votes short-term extension for FAA programs. The House has voted to extend existing air transportation programs through the end of the year, the seventh time in two years that it has had to take temporary measures to prevent certain Federal Aviation Administration programs from shutting down. The Senate is expected to follow with a similar bill as it has struggled to get an FAA bill to the floor this year, due to policy differences and a preoccupation in the Senate with the health care issue. 9/24/09, Jim Abrams, Associated Press, http://bit.ly/L1Wg8
• FAA clears India’s safety measures. The Federal Aviation Administration’s International Aviation Safety Assessment team recently revisited India to confirm and validate action taken on earlier concerns raised by an audit in March 2009. The IASA team found India fully compliant with international safety standards as it had taken steps to meet the concerns from the March audit, and reported that it could continue to be maintained in Category-I, which means Indian airlines can expand operations in the U.S. and get new points of call and share codes. 9/24/09, Business Standard, http://bit.ly/hauyN
• AAAE panel mulls lack of long-term FAA reauthorization bill. At the American Association of Airport Executives’ National Airports Conference a panel of industry experts predicted that Congress’ likelihood of passing a long-term Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill is slim at present. The passage of a three- to six-month extension of FAA’s authority and funding is only a short-term response to the September 30, 2009 end of the federal fiscal year, and Kate Lang, the FAA’s associate administrator for airports, pointed out that short-term extensions make it difficult for airports to do multi-year projects and a more stable program is needed. 9/23/09, Aviation News, http://bit.ly/17xURv
• Former American Chairman and CEO boosts passenger rights proposals. Former American Chairman and CEO Robert Crandall has joined the call for a federally imposed time limit that would give passengers the option to get off a plane that has been stuck on the tarmac for hours, with a four-hour limit initially that would transition to a three-hour limit on January 1, 2011, to give carriers time to adjust their operations. A passenger rights proposal may be closer to passage now more than ever, with organizations like the Business Travel Coalition and the National Business Travel Association giving their support for the passage of such a bill. Senators Barbara Boxer and Olympia Snowe sponsored passenger rights legislation that is currently in the Senate Commerce Committee’s version of the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill, which has yet to be passed. 9/23/09, Andrew Compart, Aviation Daily, http://bit.ly/8Zoor
• Daley downplays FAA violations at O’Hare. Mayor Richard Daley downplayed Federal Aviation Administration violations recently found at O’Hare International Airport as “not very significant,” declaring that none of the violations deal with the safety of people landing or taking off. He also said that he continues to have confidence in Aviation Commissioner Rosemarie Andolino, and that the city is reviewing and dealing with all of the violations. 9/24/09, Dan Blake, Chicago Tribune, http://bit.ly/P1HlV
• Senate passes three-month FAA extension. The Senate passed H.R. 3607, a bill that extends FAA programs and excise taxes through December 31, 2009, and awaits President Obama’s signing the measure into law before the current extension expires at the end of the month. 9/24/09, Aviation News, http://bit.ly/VI87A
• EIS for the CA high-speed train project from Los Angeles to San Diego via the Inland Empire. The FRA and California High-Speed Rail Authority will jointly prepare a project Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report for the Los Angeles to San Diego section of the California High-Speed Train System. The preparation of the EIR/EIS will involve developing preliminary engineering designs and assessing potential environmental effects associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of the High-Speed Train system. Written comments on the scope of the EIR/EIS should be provided to the appropriate authorities by November 20, 2009, or at any of the public scoping meetings scheduled for various cities from October 13, 2009, to November 3, 2009. 9/24/09, TradingMarkets.com, http://bit.ly/2x1bwb
• FAA Associate Administrator of Aviation Safety Peggy Gilligan’s speech at the ABA Air & Space Forum. In a speech at the American Bar Association’s Air and Space Forum, the Federal Aviation Administration’s Associate Administrator of Aviation Safety Peggy Gilligan stated that safety is the “foundation for public confidence” in aviation. She called for cooperation on safety to ensure the long-term global success of aviation and applauded international cooperation for making great strides over the past 60 years. Ms. Gilligan closed her speech acknowledging that the three-pronged approach in global regulation of aviation that includes holding each other to standards, providing assistance when needed, and proactively identifying and addressing risk, enhances safe air transportation around the world. 9/23/09, Peggy Gilligan, http://bit.ly/ijlZJ
• AEA joins NATA in opposing foreign repair station language in FAA reauthorization bill. The Aircraft Electronics Association and National Air Transport Association are contacting members of Congress in opposition to foreign repair station provisions in both the House and Senate versions of the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill. Each of the bills contains a provision that requires additional FAA oversight of foreign repair stations, and could eliminate a reciprocal audit provision of the U.S.-European Community Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement, unnecessarily raising costs for E.U.-based repair stations. U.S. repair stations could also face high job loss if companies that hold a U.S.-based European Aviation Safety Agency Part 145 repair station certificate lose the reciprocal audit capabilities between the FAA and EASA. 9/28/09, National Air Transport Association, http://bit.ly/INtRv
• California state court rules that FAA Authorization Act preempts CA’s Unfair Competition Law. California Superior Court Judge Elizabeth White held that the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act preempted claims against motor carriers brought under California’s Unfair Competition Law and protected motor carriers from state regulations. The federal law, part of the FAA Authorization Act, prohibits states from enacting and enforcing laws that are related to motor carrier prices, routes, or services, and Judge White held that the attorney general’s case, based on the allegation that the defendants had improperly classified drivers as independent contractors rather than employees, would have a significant effect on motor carrier prices, routes, or services. 9/28/09, Truckinginfo.com News, http://bit.ly/3U9Gkg
• Carbon offset kiosks at SFO help air travelers ditch guilt. San Francisco International Airport has partnered with a private company to install self-serve kiosks where passengers can purchase carbon offsets for their flights. Carbon offsets for travel are unregulated, however, so it is unsure if patrons are getting what they pay for as the idea is rather abstract. Travelers input the number of miles their trip will cover, how long it will take, and the number of passengers they plan to buy offsets for, and receive a piece of paper representing a fact that their money went toward a carbon-offset project somewhere or that an emission did not occur somewhere else. Though more certainty about an offset is preferred, Professor Michael Wara of Stanford University believes the program is “better than nothing” and the airport hopes that the kiosks raise awareness about the environmental impact of flying. 9/29/09, Rori Gallagher, National Public Radio, http://bit.ly/1j6nyE

 

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On Wednesday, July 29, 2009, the bipartisan leadership of both the Committee on Transportation & Infrastructure and the Subcommittee on Aviation introduced H.R. 3371, the "Aviation Safety Bill" designed to "enhance airline safety by setting new training and service standards for commercial pilots."  This bill came primarily as a response to the Senate Commerce Committee's passage of its version of the FAA Reauthorization Bill (S. 1451), which included aviation safety measures such as a call for the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on pilot fatigue and requiring the FAA to establish and maintain a pilot employment, training, and testing database.

After the passage of the House FAA Reauthorization Bill (H.R. 915), hearings were held regarding aviation safety, particularly in response to the crash of Flight 3407 in Buffalo, New York.  As ranking member Thomas E. Petri (R-Wis.) stated at the press conference announcing the bill: "the Buffalo crash and the subsequent Aviation Subcommittee hearing revealed some troubling questions in terms of training, development, and the working environment of pilots - particularly at regional airlines."

The Press Release from the Transportation & Infrastructure Committee indicated that the bill:

• Requires FAA to ensure that pilots are trained on stall, recovery, upset recovery, and that airlines provide remedial training;
• requires airline pilots to hold an FAA Airline Transport Pilot license (1,500 minimum flight hours required);
• Establishes comprehensive pre-employment screening or prospective pilots including an assessment of pilot's skills, aptitudes, airmanship and suitability for functioning in the airline's operational environment;
• Requires airlines to establish pilot mentoring program, create Pilot Professional Development Committees, modify training to accommodate new-hire pilots with different levels and types of flight experience, and provide leadership and command training to pilots in command;
• Directs FAA to update and implement a new pilot flight and duty time rule and fatigue risk management plans to more adequately track scientific research in the field of fatigue.  It also requires air carriers to create fatigue risk management systems approved by FAA.
• Requires the Department of Transportation Inspector General to study and report to Congress on whether the number and experience level of safety inspectors assigned to regional airlines is commensurate with that of mainline airlines;
• Mandates that the first page of an internet website that sells airline tickets disclose the air carrier that operates each segment of the flight;
• Directs a National Academy of Sciences study on pilot commuting and fatigue,;and
• Requires the Secretary of Transportation to provide an annual report to Congress on what the agency is doing to address each open National Transportation Safety Board recommendation pertaining to commercial air carriers.

Once the Senate FAA Reauthorization bill is voted on (and presumably passed) by the full Senate in the Fall, this bill along with H.R. 915, will go to House-Senate conference committee.

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FAA Administrator Randy Babbitt told the Senate Subcommittee on Aviation Wednesday, June 10, 2009, that small regional airlines are held to the same safety standards as the major carriers. Babbitt says he and Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood are ensuring that the FAA is taking steps to ensure that that is the practice as well as the law. However, FAA Inspector General Calvin Scovell  says that is not currently the case.

Subcommittee Chair Byron L. Dorgan (D-N.D.) opened the hearing with the statement that he was concerned that there is a double standard in aviation instead of  "one level of safety for both regional and major carriers."  This issue has come to the forefront since the crash of Colgan Air flight in Buffalo, raising issues of pilot training, proficiency and pay at regional airlines.  The investigation into that crash has revealed that the pilot flew cross country as a passenger on a flight the night before and lacked experience in the deicing procedures for the type of aircraft that crashed.

FAA Administrator Babbitt said that the same safety laws and regulations apply across the board to all airlines, regardless of whether they are regional or national in scope.  That being said, Administrator Babbitt stated that there is much to be done to improve safety and that he and Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood are committed to focusing on inspection of aircraft and safety.

FAA Inspector General Calvin Scovell, however, stated that although the laws and regulations may be the same, in practice there are two standards.  He stated that he was particularly concerned about the difference between pilots' training and level of flight experience in the two types of airlines.  The major airlines did not escape the hearing unscathed.  Scovell also testified that  there have been many lapses in oversight of the major airlines' technical programs, similar to the problems that came to light last summer concerning Southwest Airlines. In particular, he was concerned that 7 major airlines missed "Air Transportation Oversight Systems" inspections, some had been allowed to lapse  "well beyond the 5-year inspection cycle."

NTSB Chairman Mark Rosenker also had some choices remarks for the FAA.  He informed the panel that the FAA has failed to heed recommendations suggested by the NTSB that would produce greater safety.  When asked how many recommended changes were outstanding, Chairman Rosenker stated that there about 450 recommendations still outstanding with some 10 - 15 years old.  Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Cal.) called this an "outrage" and an indictment of the FAA, "it is not about anyone personally, it is the institution, it is the way they think, and it is very disturbing to me."

In the end, Administrator Babbitt promised to consider the NTSB recommendations, and although the FAA will not adopt them all, he would make the FAA "more transparent" about the process.

Click on "continue reading" to see list of written statements and link to the archived webcast of the hearing.

Written Remarks of the Witnesses and Chairmen

Majority Statements

• John D. Rockefeller, IV, (D-W.V.) Chairman Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation;
• Byron L. Dorgan, (D-N.D.) Chairman, Senate Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety and Security.

Witnesses' Written Remarks:

• The Honorable Mark V. Rosenker, Acting Chairman, National Transportation Safety Board;
• The Honorable Calvin L. Scovel III, Inspector General, U.S. Department of Transportation;
• The Honorable J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration;
• Mr. John O’Brien, Board Member, The Flight Safety Foundation.

Archived Webcast of Hearing.

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The U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure has proposed H.R. 915, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009.  Since funding authorization for aviation programs and authorization for taxes and fees that provide revenue for the FAA expired at the end of fiscal year 2007 and revenue collections and FAA programs have been extended several times (until March 31, 2009), this bill is a priority item for the FAA. What follows is a summary of the provisions of the Reauthorization Bill.

Funding & Financing

• Taxes on aviation users will be increased - Passenger flight segment tax increased to $3.60; International departure and arrival taxes increased to $16.10; Alaska Hawaii facilities tax increased to $8.00.
• Provides historic funding levels for the FAA’s programs between 2009 and 2012, including $16.2 billion for AIP; $13.4 billion for Facilities and Equipment; $38.9 billion for operations; and $1.35 billion for Research, Engineering and Development.

Airports

• Makes several modifications to the current AIP distribution formula that provide significant increases in AIP funding for smaller airports, which are particularly reliant on AIP for capital financing, as well as more AIP discretionary funding.
• Increases Passenger Facility Charge from $4.50 to $7.00.  This provision was strongly supported by Jim Elwood, representing the American Association of Airport Executives.

ATC Modernization and NextGen

• Provides $13.4 billion for the FAA's Facilities and Equipment account.
• Increases the authority and visibility of the Joint Planning and Development Office.
• Requires the JPDO to develop a work plan that details, on a year-by-year basis, specific NextGen-related deliverables and milestones.
• FAA wants to emphasize "infrastructure" improvements at the nations' airports, which includes a full roll-out of NextGen.

Safety

• Includes several safety provisions, such as authorizing additional funds for runway incursion reduction programs and the acquisition and installation of runway status lights.
• Increases the number of aviation safety inspectors and requires safety inspections of foreign repair stations at least twice a year.
• Directs FAA to commence a rulemaking to ensure that covered maintenance work on air carrier aircraft is performed by part 145 repair stations or part 121 air carriers.
• Creates an independent Aviation Safety Whistleblower Investigation Office within the FAA charged with receiving safety complaints and information submitted by both FAA employees and employees of certificated entities.
• Directs FAA to modify its “customer service initiative” to remove air carriers or other entities regulated by the FAA as “customers.”
• Adds a two-year “post-service” cooling off period for FAA inspectors and requires principal maintenance inspectors to rotate between airline oversight offices every five years.

Small Communities

• Increases the total amount authorized for Essential Air Services each year from $127 million to $200 million.
• Requires 50% of over-flight fees collected in excess of $50 million be dedicated to EAS.
• Authorizes the Secretary to enter into long-term EAS contracts that would provide more stability for participating air carriers.
• Reduces local share of AIP projects from 10% to 5% for economically depressed communities.
• Includes several provisions to mitigate the effects of increases in aviation fuel costs by increasing the existing $200 per passenger subsidy cap.
• Extends the Small Community Air Service Development Program through fiscal year 2011, at the current authorized funding level of $35 million per year.

Consumer Protections

• Includes several provisions to ensure passenger needs are met including a mandate that air carriers and airports submit emergency contingency plans and detail in their plans how they allow passengers to deplane following excessive delays.
• DOT is required to publicize and maintain a hotline for consumer complaints, establish an Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, expand consumer complaints investigated, and require air carriers to report diverted and canceled flight information monthly.
• DOT Inspector General is asked to report on the causes of air carrier flight delays and cancellations.

Environmental Provisions

• Includes several provisions related to the environment, noise mitigation and land use initiatives, including:
  • An environmental mitigation pilot program;
  • The phasing out of noisy Stage II aircraft;
  • An aircraft departure queue management pilot program;
  • Broadened AIP eligibility to include several energy saving terminal projects; and
  • Requirements for the FAA to build sustainable air traffic control facilities.
• Allows airport operators to reinvest the proceeds from the sale of land that an airport acquired for a noise compatibility purpose, but no longer needs for that purpose, giving priority, in descending order to:
  • Reinvestment in another noise compatibility project;
  • Environmentally-related project
  • Another otherwise-eligible AIP project;
  • Transfer to another public airport for a noise compatibility project; or
  • Payment to the Trust Fund.
• Provides authorization for the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise (“CLEEN”) Engine and Airframe Technology partnership to develop, mature and certify CLEEN engine and airframe technology for aircraft over the next 10 years.

Labor

• Modifies the dispute resolution process for proposed changes to the FAA personnel management system, and replaces it with a new dispute resolution process.
• Applies the new dispute resolution process to the ongoing dispute between NATCA and the FAA. That is the changes implemented by the FAA on and after July 10, 2005, would be null and void and the parties will be governed by their last mutual agreement.
• Amends the Railway Labor Act to clarify that employees of an “express carrier” shall only be covered by the RLA if they are employed in a position that is eligible for certification under FAA’s rules and they are actually performing that type of work for the express carrier.
• Requires an assessment of training programs for controllers and air traffic technicians.
• Requires that FAA include employee unions as stakeholders in the development and planning for NextGen.
• Requires the establishment of a Task Force on Air Traffic Control Facility Conditions to determine whether employees are exposed to dangerous environmental conditions in their work place.
• Requires the Secretary to establish within the FAA a working group to develop criteria and make recommendations for the realignment and consolidation of services and facilities.

Aviation Insurance

• Extends requirement until September 30, 2012, that the FAA provide U.S. airlines’ aviation insurance from the first dollar of loss at capped premium rates, after which the requirement becomes discretionary until September 30, 2019.
• After December 31, 2019, such insurance must be provided instead by airline industry-sponsored risk-sharing arrangement approved by the Secretary.

Next Article: Summary of Comments regarding Safety Provisions.

Written Testimonies:

Panel 1:

• The Honorable Mike Thompson M.C., California 1st District (no written testimony provided)

Panel 2:

• The Honorable Nancy LoBue, Acting Assistant Administrator Aviation Policy, Planning, and Environment, Federal Aviation Administration, on behalf of Lynne Osmus, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration
• Dr. Gerald Dillingham, Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, U.S. Government Accountability Office
• The Honorable Calvin L. Scovel III, Inspector General
  U.S. Department of Transportation

Panel 3:

• Mr. Gregory Principato, President, Airports Council International - North America
• Mr. James P. Elwood A.A.E, Airport Director, Aspen-Pitkin County Airport
• Mr. James C. May, President and CEO, Air Transport Association
• Mr. Ed Bolen, President and CEO, National Business Aviation Association
• Mr. Roger Cohen, President, Regional Airline Association
• Mr. Craig Fuller, President, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
• Mr. Clayton M. Jones, Chairman, President, and CEO, Rockwell Collins
  on behalf of General Aviation Manufacturers Association, Aerospace Industries Association, Aeronautical Repair Station Association

Panel 4:

• Mr. Patrick Forrey, President, National Air Traffic Controllers Association
• Mr. Tom Brantley, President, Professional Aviation Safety Specialists (AFL-CIO)
• Capt. John Prater, President, Air Line Pilots Association, International
• Ms. Patricia Friend, International President, Association of Flight Attendants - CWA
• Mr. Robert Roach Jr., General Vice President, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
• Mr. Robert Gless, Assistant Director, Air Transport Division, Transport Workers' Union of America, AFL-CIO
• Ms. Kate Hanni, President, FlyersRights.org (CAPBOR)

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The Government Accountability Office issued a report to the Chairman of the U.S House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure entitled "FAA Has Taken Steps to Determine That It Has Made Correct Medical Certification Decisions" on September 30, 2008.

In 2005, a joint investigation known as "Operation Safe Pilot" was conducted by the Department of Transportation Office of the Inspector General, Social Security Administration's Office of Inspector General, and California's U.S. Attorney Office.  That investigation revealed that the FAA had issued medical certificates to a small percentage of pilots who had disqualifying medical conditions that they did not report on their medical certification applications.  Calling some of the medical certificate cases "egregious," the DOT IG stated that 45 individuals identified as having falsified their certificates were prosecuted criminally as a result of the investigation. 

In March, 2007, the House Committee issued a report showing that a significant number of pilots were flying with fraudulent medical certificates and asked the GAO to assess FAA's efforts for screening medical certification applicants and identifying medically unqualified pilots.  The Report published on September 30, 2008, is the result of that request.

In sum, the GAO reported that the FAA has developed programs to help it determine whether it has properly issued medical certificates.  In particular, the FAA has instituted two quality assurance review programs, one to evaluate certificate that the Aviation Medical Examiners issued and a second to evaluate certificate decisions made by FAA application examiners.  In addition, the FAA checks each pilot applicant against the National Driver Register to look for drug- and alcohol-related motor vehicle actions and indications of substance abuse.

However, due to "recently resolved litigation," the FAA currently does not check federal disability benefits databases for indications that pilots may have disqualifying medical conditions.  The GAO's analysis of the Social Security Administration's disability databases found that 1,246 of the 394,985 medically certified pilots were receiving disability benefits.  Since this was the crux of the DOT IG's "Safe Pilot" investigation, the GAO's recommendation that "federal disability data bases can provide useful information on potentially disqualifying medical conditions" is a bit of an understatement.  That being said, the GAO correctly points out that just because a pilot is receiving disability benefits does not automatically mean that they are medically unfit to fly.

On September 26, 2008, Chairman James Oberstar (D-Minn.) issued a press release stating that although he was pleased that progress is being made, the fact that there are still medical certificates being issued to unfit applicants is troubling.  “Progress is good, but progress must lead to a goal,” Oberstar said. “In this case, the goal should be 100 percent certainty that certificates are not obtained fraudulently or erroneously. Perhaps that is an impossible goal, but it should be our goal nonetheless.”

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Yesterday, June, 11, 2008, the House Aviation Subcommittee heard testimony (click on link for video the hearing) on a situation that is becoming more dire as every day passes - Air Traffic Controllers are retiring, leaving a dearth of qualified, trained controllers to take their places.  The House Aviation Subcommittee convened the hearing to find out what can be done about the situation.

First up in Panel 1, were the bureaucrats.  Hank Krakowski from the FAA, Patrick Forrey from the National Air Traffic Controllers Association, along with Dr. Gerald Dillingham from the GAO, Calvin Scovey from the Department of Transportation Office of the Inspector General and David Conley of the FAA Managers Association.  Predictably, Mr. Krakowski downplayed any crisis, stating in his prepared remarks that the FAA was on top of the situation:  hiring 2000 controllers this year, seeking ways to retain retirement-eligible controllers, and working on a contract with NATCA.  

Mr. Forrey, had a different view.  He stated that “this country is facing an air traffic control staffing crisis” leading to “an unacceptable compromise in safety.”  First and foremost, to him, the FAA needs to return to the bargaining table with the NATCA to work on a contract.  That will lead to a higher retention rate of both experienced controllers and new hires.

Subcommittee members in their questioning sought to resolve the differences between the FAA and NATCA and implored the GAO and DOT-IG to assist in that effort.  Both the FAA and NATCA say they want a contract, but how they are going to get there is the open question.

The second panel was where the rubber hit the road.  Three air traffic controllers, Don Chapman from Philadelphia, Steven Wallace from Miami and Melvin S. Davis from Los Angeles testified about the problems they are facing at each of their facilities.  Although each mentioned specific challenges their facilities faced, they all came back to three major issues:  inadequate staffing (which raises safety concerns); inadequate training of new hires (which also raises safety concerns); and controller fatigue because the first two issues.  The Subcommittee seemed to take to these men and their "view from the front line."

(It should be mentioned that the Blog, "The Potomac Current and Undertow," offered an e-mail sent to FAA Air Traffic District Managers to find Air Traffic Controllers who would support the FAA's position that things are headed in the right direction.  Since only Messrs. Chapman, Wallace and Davis were the only controllers who appeared as witnesses, their effort seemed to fall short.)

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The Federal Aviation Administration’s recent paroxysm of safety concern-- forcing airlines to immediately cancel thousands of MD-80 flights because of a 1/4 inch deviation in the location of an electrical bundle in the wheel well -- reveals at least two “inconvenient truths”: (1) despite it repeated use of the safety rationale to justify repeated violations of Congressional mandates such as compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et. seq., and the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et.seq., the FAA has long been neglecting its primary responsibility of ensuring the safety of airline travel; and (2) FAA is willing to sacrifice the welfare and convenience of air travelers and even the sacrosanct protection of  Interstate Commerce ensured by the Bill of Rights to cover up its own past non-feasance.

Whenever FAA wants to approve an airport development project, or, more recently, an airspace redesign, despite those projects patent potential for creating significant environmental impacts, FAA falls back on the time worn mantra of its safety mandate. This is happening even now in the FAA’s sponsorship of a relocation of Runway 24R, the northern most runway  at Los Angeles International Airport, much closer to surrounding communities, with concomitantly increased adverse noise and air quality impacts, and even though other reasonable and patently safe alternatives exist.

Despite the FAA’s lip service to safety, FAA has apparently been giving short shrift to it in practice.  Even though its directive requiring inspection of MD-80s’ purported  wiring problem was issued in 2006, FAA did nothing to ensure compliance until last week, when 2 FAA safety inspectors/whistle blowers revealed FAA’s cavalier attitude toward safety to a Congressional committee.

Overnight, FAA changed its stripes.  Instead of allowing aircraft to be inspected in groups, over time, FAA required that they be instantly taken off-line for inspection; and if so much as a 1/4 inch deviation was found, taken off-line immediately for repair. Sounds good, except that hundreds of thousands of paying passengers have been delayed and displaced, through no fault of their own and at great cost to them in terms of time and money expended for overnight accommodations, food, and even additional costs of seats on other airlines, victims of the FAA’s new-found sense of responsibility.

In short, if those aircraft were dangerous, the FAA knew it, and  the planes should have been taken out of service two years ago when FAA first found out about the problem.  If  the planes are not dangerous, a reasoned, gradual approach to inspection and repair would have been appropriate.  Instead of those rational alternatives, FAA chose a path that does not remedy its nonfeasance, but, rather, calls it to the attention of the public, and , hopefully to their Congressional overseers.

Please be sure to tell your Congressman and the Committee Chairs how you feel.  The Chair of the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee is Sen. Daniel K. Inouye (dinouye@senate.gov) and the Chair of the Aviation Operations, Safety and Security is Sen. John D. Rockefeller IV (jrockefeller@senate.gov).  On the House side, Rep. James L. Oberstar (joberstar@house.gov) is the Chair of the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and Rep. Jerry F. Costello (jcostello@house.gov) is the Chair of the Aviation Subcommittee.

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