Aviation and Airport Development Law : Aviation Lawyer & Attorney : Chevalier Allen & Lichman Law Firm : Airport Development, Environmental Law

Your local airport is becoming a drain on the local economy. Sure, it provides a few jobs, adds a certain cachet to the area and provides a hobby for the few people who can afford to purchase and maintain aircraft. But the annual expense of keeping the airport running – and running safely - is becoming more and more like a lead weight on your budget. “Let’s just close the thing,” you say. But wait, remember all that money you accepted from the FAA as part of the AIP grant program to lengthen the runway, pay for new taxiways, and purchase property? The FAA remembers. And before you can close the airport, there are many hurdles to clear set by the FAA to discourage the closure of airports.

1.            Take A Look At The Grant Assurances

First, take a look at the documents in your possession – the grant agreements you received from the FAA and signed as a condition of receiving the grants. As you are no doubt aware, under various Federal grant programs, you have agreed to assume certain statutorily defined obligations pertaining to the operation, use and maintenance of the Airport [49 U.S.C. § 47107(a)], that are described and implemented in FAA Order 5190.6B and memorialized in the application for Federal assistance as Grant Assurances, which become a part of the grant offer and bind the grant recipient contractually upon acceptance. 49 U.S.C. § 47107(a); FAA Order 5190.6B, “Guide To Sponsor Obligations” pp. 2-13 to 2-18.

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Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood announced on Monday, December 21, 2009, that DOT was was issuing its Final Rule "enhancing airline passenger protections" by, among other things, limiting airlines to three hours waiting on the tarmac before requiring that the aircraft return to the terminal and allow the passenger to disembark. The only exceptions allowed would be if the safety or security of the aircraft (as determined by the pilot in command) would not allow a return to the terminal or if air traffic control advises the pilot that returning to the terminal would disrupt airport operations. 

In addition, airlines are required to provide adequate food and potable drinking water for passengers within two hours of the aircraft being delayed on the tarmac and to maintain operable lavatories and, if necessary provide medical attention.

The passengers' rights advocates were understandably jubilant that the rule had come to pass - particularly since the "Passenger Bill of Rights" that was part of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009 has stalled in the Senate.  Kate Hanni, Flyerrights.org's president and founder issued this statement:

This is indeed a wonderful holiday gift and a major victory for any airline passenger who has ever been subjected to an unnecessary tarmac delay and has endured endless hours without food, water or adequate toilet facilities. Flyersrights.org has fought for legislation in Congress to limit these delays, yet the bill has languished in the Senate despite bipartisan support. We applaud the Obama Administration and Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood for stepping up to the plate and telling the airline industry, and Congress, that ‘enough is enough’.

However, the rule raises several questions as to its consumer friendliness.  It may force airlines to cancel flights instead of having them wait.  As the air travel blogger "Cranky Flier" pointed out in his Tuesday, December 22, 2009, blog post, this past weekend during a massive storm hitting the East Coast only one JetBlue flight was delayed longer than three hours.  Why did that happen?

It’s all because of gate issues. JetBlue and other airlines started pre-canceling a lot of flights, as I noted on BNET yesterday. Obviously the more flights you pre-cancel, the better chance the remaining flights will operate, but it means that there are a lot of airplanes around and shuffling them to make gates available during a blizzard is a tricky thing. You never want to see a plane sitting around for more than 3 hours, but if it’s only one (and JetBlue compensated the passengers), then that’s not too bad for the storm of the decade.

But all this pre-canceling comes at a price. That means there are a lot more people who aren’t getting home for Christmas because so many flights were canceled.

There’s no question that airlines would have had to cancel a lot of flights, but were they more conservative because of public backlash on delays? That’s my guess. Would you rather sit on an airplane for 4 hours or just have your flight canceled? I imagine that some would be happy to sit around for 4 hours if it meant they’d get out of town. Now they find themselves stuck.

The discretion to stay in line and wait to take off has been taken away and now, after three hours, the aircraft must return to the gate.

We all know why this rule was instituted.  Indeed, the DOT's press release specifically states the cause:

This rule was adopted in response to a series of incidents in which passengers were stranded on the ground aboard aircraft for lengthy periods and also in response to the high incidence of flight delays and other consumer problems. In one of the most recent tarmac delay incidents, the Department fined Continental Airlines, ExpressJet Airlines and Mesaba Airlines a total of $175,000 for their roles in a nearly six-hour ground delay at Rochester, MN.

However, incidents like the one in Rochester, MN, are the exception rather than the rule. Moreover, it is not clear from the way things played out at Rochester that this rule would have changed anything. The incident at Rochester was due to a confederacy of dunces, each contributing their own stupidity to make a bad situation even worse. Since people will still have the ability to mess things up despite the rule, whether that sort of incident can be avoided remains to be seen.

This may be one of those times that government regulation may not be the answer to the problem.  Extended tarmac delays, i.e., over three hours, are exceptions. Moreover, prior to the institution of the rule, passengers had a "bill of rights," it is called the U.S. Constitution.  See, Dr. Barbara E. Lichman's Article "Passengers Detained Have Constitutional and Other Legal Rights."  The DOT rule, however, may have given the airlines a "safe harbor." That is, so long as the flight is delayed less than three hours, the airlines would have a defense to any passenger complaints about being delayed on the tarmac.  Thus, the 3-hour rule may actually have the effect of limiting the passengers' legal remedies.

Government regulation works best when it is proactive rather than re-active.  The legal system, on the other hand, is intended to step in to "make things right," when exceptions, such as the Rochester incident, happen. So long as passengers know that they have legal rights when they are on aircraft, and remedies if the airlines' and FAA's discretion is abused, then they are protected.  While the DOT's intent was laudable, it is not entirely clear that the rule will have the desired effect of assisting passengers who are trapped on aircraft.

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A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past week.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber. Trisha Ton-Nu also contributed to this post.

FAA Bill Could Pass This Year. --- Adrian Schofield, Aviation Week, October 7, 2009

A staff member from the Senate aviation subcommittee believes that the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill can be finished this year, though the Senate must have its bill approved by November to leave enough time for a House/Senate conference on the bill. The Commerce Committee has approved the bulk of the bill, but the Finance Committee has yet to contribute its proposals on tax changes, despite “tremendous pressure” from both lobbyists and Senate leadership to complete its work. There are some big differences to be resolved between the House and Senate bills, but none involve FAA funding and the houses are “basically aligned” on the aviation measures.

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The Department of Transportation issued a safety advisory targeting shippers and carriers responsible for compliance with hazardous materials regulations covering both passenger and cargo aircraft. The advisory highlighted recent aviation incidents involving lithium batteries and outlined the current regulatory requirements for their safe transportation. It also included an announcement that both the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and Federal Aviation Administration would be stepping up enforcement of safety standards. Since 1991 more than 40 air transport-related incidents involving lithium batteries and devices powered by lithium batteries have been identified, many directly related to the lack of awareness of the regulations, risks, and required safety measures applicable to the shipment of lithium batteries.

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The Federal Aviation Administration’s new computer system was unsuccessfully deployed at a Salt Lake City regional air traffic control center, raising doubts about whether it can be operational 15 months from now when the current computers must be replaced. The new ERAM (En Route Automation Modernization) system is based on satellite technology, whereas the current HOST system uses World War II-era radar technology and is a unique computer language that fewer technicians today can understand. In Salt Lake City the new system misidentified planes several times and managers in SaltLake refused to deploy it again, choosing to safely transition back to the HOST system instead.

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Report Warns Airline Delays Will Increase. --- Bruce Siceloff, Charlotte Observer, October 8, 2009

In a newly released report, the Brookings Institution warns that there will be more delayed flights and longer delays as the U.S. economy recovers and airports get busier in the coming months. The report suggested that federal airport spending would be more beneficial for travelers if it were focused on increasing capacity at the most congested metropolitan airports instead of being scattered across the U.S., and that the Obama administration’s planned high-speed rail network could cut heavy traffic on air corridors of less than 500 miles, which account for half of the nation’s flights.

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FAA Announces Serious Runway Incursions Down by 50 Percent. --- FAA Press Release, October 8, 2009

Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Randy Babbitt announced that serious runway incursions were down 50 percent for the most recent 12-month period, compared to the previous year. There were only 12 serious incursions in fiscal year 2009 with only 2 involving commercial carriers, while there were 25 such events in fiscal year 2008 with 9 involving commercial carriers. Administrator Babbitt praised the progress made since the FAA’s Runway Safety “Call to Action” meeting two years ago, but stated that there is still much work to be done to continue reducing the potential risk of collisions on runways.

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Federal Aviation Administration officials fear that a wildlife restoration project in the Richard P. Kane Natural Area could create a threat to public safety at nearby TeterboroAirport in New Jersey. TeterboroAirport averaged five bird strikes per 10,000 landings and departures last year, more than double the rate at Newark Liberty International and LaGuardiaAirports, but an airport wildlife biologist for the U.S. Agriculture Department says a busy airport and abundant bird population can coexist if properly managed.

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Delays and inefficiencies in air travel are largely due to an outdated traffic-control system that relies on slow, ground-based radar stations and repetitive communication, and the inefficiencies also mean fuel is wasted and unnecessary carbon dioxide emitted at a time when the air-travel industry is coming under scrutiny for its role in climate change. The air-travel industry will be under increasing pressure to cut its emissions or pay a carbon tax, and while the best immediate opportunity may be to improve fuel efficiency, the best way to increase fuel efficiency is to update the current air-traffic control system using NextGen, the Federal Aviation Administration’s long-term plan to replace the current system with one using satellites and a global positioning system.

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Airlines Set Own Emission Targets...but is fuel efficiency enough? --- Associated Press, October 10, 2009 and Steven Taber, Aviation & Airport Development Law, September 24, 2009

Members of the International Air Transport Association pledged to improve fuel efficiency by 1.5 percent a year until 2020 and called on governments worldwide to provide incentives to speed biofuel development.

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In the short run, however, technological innovations like those that would reduce emissions will not be available for implementation in the near future.

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The Federal Aviation Administration officially rescinded its plan to enact mandatory slot auctions on LaGuardia, John F. Kennedy, and Newark airports. In 2008 final rules were published that established procedures to address congestion in the New York City area by assigning slots at the airports, assigning the majority of slots to existing operators, and creating a market by annually auctioning off a limited number of slots in each of the first five years of the rule. The rules were the subject of much litigation and controversy ever since they were first proposed by the Bush Administration, but have now been rescinded partly because of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, and the state of the economy in general.

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A Wall Street Journal story criticizing ChicagoRockfordInternationalAirport and other airports for receiving Federal Aviation Administration grants for low-priority projects is being slammed itself. Rockford International Airport Authority Chairman Mike Dunn retorts that Rockford International is a world-class facility that helps relieve congestion at O’Hare International Airport, and is one of just three airports in Illinois authorized to land flights from foreign countries. It is the port of re-entry for thousands of U.S. military personnel en route from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars to their home bases in the U.S., and will likely see the number of passengers it serves grow as the economy improves. Freight and passenger service improvements at the airport have helped generate economic development and will prepare Rockford International for its future role as a “vital part” of the Chicagoland aviation system.

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Passenger traffic at Philadelphia International Airport grew 45 percent in the last decade, nearly three times the national average for the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, but 73.4 percent of flights arrived on time during fiscal year 2009, below the national average of 78.4 percent. The combined Philadelphia-New York airspace contributes to 75 percent of delays nationally and affects business travelers everywhere.

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A new system monitoring air traffic above the Rockies was recently implemented in Colorado. Using 20 sensors clustered around four airports within the Rockies, the sensors monitor radio broadcasts from planes and computers can determine the plane’s location by measuring minute differences in the time it takes for broadcasts to reach the various sensors. The system uses similar technology to the satellite-based system the Federal Aviation Administration is installing nationwide to replace radar, and is a sign that the technology underpinning the satellite system can work.

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House aviation subcommittee chairman Jerry Costello and Thomas Petri have begun a lobbying effort against potential aviation user fee proposals for the fiscal year 2011 budget. In a letter being circulated within the House, Costello and Petri state that they believe user fees will place an undue administrative burden and associated costs on system users and cited previous House opposition in both the 110th and 111th Congresses to proposals of using user fees to finance the Federal Aviation Administration.

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The Civil Air Navigation Services Organization commended the achievements of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s High Level Meeting on International Aviation but expressed disappointment that no actions were recommended for member states to undertake themselves to assist the aviation industry in meeting its environmental goals. CANSO Secretary General Alexander ter Kuile identified four steps that ICAO nations could immediately take to deliver an extra 0.5% of fuel efficiency improvement, on top of ICAO’s recommended target of 1.5% improvement through 2020 with carbon-neutral growth thereafter.

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SFO Fuel, Chevron, and the Environmental Protection Agency entered into agreements to resolve violations of the Clean Water Act at a large jet fuel storage facility located at San FranciscoInternationalAirport. SFO Fuel representatives self-reported inadequate secondary containment capacity--which could result in a catastrophic spill into San FranciscoBay--and the EPA investigated and agreed. SFO Fuel, which leases the facility, and Chevron, which operates the facility, have adjusted their operations at the tank farm with alarms and automatic shut-off valves to reduce the volume that is present in the tanks until the facility is able to increase the size of the secondary containment area. The agreements require the facility to come into full compliance by next year, and SFO Fuel and Chevron agreed to pay a penalty of $177,500.

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The Federal Aviation Administration is proposing a $3.8 million penalty against United Airlines for allegedly operating one of its Boeing 737 aircraft on more than 200 flights after the carrier violated its own maintenance procedures on one of the plane’s engines. Between February 10 and April 28, 2008 the aircraft was flown on more than 200 revenue flights in a less-than-airworthy condition.

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The Federal Aviation Administration proposed a $5.4 million penalty against US Airways, Inc. for allegedly operating 8 aircraft on a total of 1,647 flights between October 2008 and January 2009 that were not in compliance with certain Airworthiness Directives or the airline’s maintenance program.

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US Airways issued a statement that it experienced challenges during the integration of maintenance systems and processes on flights that occurred in that time period, and is working with the FAA to investigate and correct any discrepancies and achieve a resolution of the FAA’s civil penalty proposal.

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A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past week.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber. Trisha Ton-Nu also contributed to this post.

• O’Hare Airport hit for safety violations in FAA report. During routine inspections at O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, IL, the Federal Aviation Administration uncovered several violations that endanger airplanes at the most critical phases of flight: takeoffs and landings. In a “letter of correction” to Chicago, the FAA said that O’Hare is out of compliance with federal aviation law and that the airport’s self-inspection program does not reflect actual conditions in the field. The problems noted at O’Hare, considered major violations, have almost all been corrected already and a spokesman for the Chicago Department of Aviation said the rest will be resolved by the end of November. 9/24/09, Jon Hilkevitch, Chicago Tribune, http://bit.ly/xbMHb
• House votes short-term extension for FAA programs. The House has voted to extend existing air transportation programs through the end of the year, the seventh time in two years that it has had to take temporary measures to prevent certain Federal Aviation Administration programs from shutting down. The Senate is expected to follow with a similar bill as it has struggled to get an FAA bill to the floor this year, due to policy differences and a preoccupation in the Senate with the health care issue. 9/24/09, Jim Abrams, Associated Press, http://bit.ly/L1Wg8
• FAA clears India’s safety measures. The Federal Aviation Administration’s International Aviation Safety Assessment team recently revisited India to confirm and validate action taken on earlier concerns raised by an audit in March 2009. The IASA team found India fully compliant with international safety standards as it had taken steps to meet the concerns from the March audit, and reported that it could continue to be maintained in Category-I, which means Indian airlines can expand operations in the U.S. and get new points of call and share codes. 9/24/09, Business Standard, http://bit.ly/hauyN
• AAAE panel mulls lack of long-term FAA reauthorization bill. At the American Association of Airport Executives’ National Airports Conference a panel of industry experts predicted that Congress’ likelihood of passing a long-term Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill is slim at present. The passage of a three- to six-month extension of FAA’s authority and funding is only a short-term response to the September 30, 2009 end of the federal fiscal year, and Kate Lang, the FAA’s associate administrator for airports, pointed out that short-term extensions make it difficult for airports to do multi-year projects and a more stable program is needed. 9/23/09, Aviation News, http://bit.ly/17xURv
• Former American Chairman and CEO boosts passenger rights proposals. Former American Chairman and CEO Robert Crandall has joined the call for a federally imposed time limit that would give passengers the option to get off a plane that has been stuck on the tarmac for hours, with a four-hour limit initially that would transition to a three-hour limit on January 1, 2011, to give carriers time to adjust their operations. A passenger rights proposal may be closer to passage now more than ever, with organizations like the Business Travel Coalition and the National Business Travel Association giving their support for the passage of such a bill. Senators Barbara Boxer and Olympia Snowe sponsored passenger rights legislation that is currently in the Senate Commerce Committee’s version of the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill, which has yet to be passed. 9/23/09, Andrew Compart, Aviation Daily, http://bit.ly/8Zoor
• Daley downplays FAA violations at O’Hare. Mayor Richard Daley downplayed Federal Aviation Administration violations recently found at O’Hare International Airport as “not very significant,” declaring that none of the violations deal with the safety of people landing or taking off. He also said that he continues to have confidence in Aviation Commissioner Rosemarie Andolino, and that the city is reviewing and dealing with all of the violations. 9/24/09, Dan Blake, Chicago Tribune, http://bit.ly/P1HlV
• Senate passes three-month FAA extension. The Senate passed H.R. 3607, a bill that extends FAA programs and excise taxes through December 31, 2009, and awaits President Obama’s signing the measure into law before the current extension expires at the end of the month. 9/24/09, Aviation News, http://bit.ly/VI87A
• EIS for the CA high-speed train project from Los Angeles to San Diego via the Inland Empire. The FRA and California High-Speed Rail Authority will jointly prepare a project Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report for the Los Angeles to San Diego section of the California High-Speed Train System. The preparation of the EIR/EIS will involve developing preliminary engineering designs and assessing potential environmental effects associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of the High-Speed Train system. Written comments on the scope of the EIR/EIS should be provided to the appropriate authorities by November 20, 2009, or at any of the public scoping meetings scheduled for various cities from October 13, 2009, to November 3, 2009. 9/24/09, TradingMarkets.com, http://bit.ly/2x1bwb
• FAA Associate Administrator of Aviation Safety Peggy Gilligan’s speech at the ABA Air & Space Forum. In a speech at the American Bar Association’s Air and Space Forum, the Federal Aviation Administration’s Associate Administrator of Aviation Safety Peggy Gilligan stated that safety is the “foundation for public confidence” in aviation. She called for cooperation on safety to ensure the long-term global success of aviation and applauded international cooperation for making great strides over the past 60 years. Ms. Gilligan closed her speech acknowledging that the three-pronged approach in global regulation of aviation that includes holding each other to standards, providing assistance when needed, and proactively identifying and addressing risk, enhances safe air transportation around the world. 9/23/09, Peggy Gilligan, http://bit.ly/ijlZJ
• AEA joins NATA in opposing foreign repair station language in FAA reauthorization bill. The Aircraft Electronics Association and National Air Transport Association are contacting members of Congress in opposition to foreign repair station provisions in both the House and Senate versions of the Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill. Each of the bills contains a provision that requires additional FAA oversight of foreign repair stations, and could eliminate a reciprocal audit provision of the U.S.-European Community Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement, unnecessarily raising costs for E.U.-based repair stations. U.S. repair stations could also face high job loss if companies that hold a U.S.-based European Aviation Safety Agency Part 145 repair station certificate lose the reciprocal audit capabilities between the FAA and EASA. 9/28/09, National Air Transport Association, http://bit.ly/INtRv
• California state court rules that FAA Authorization Act preempts CA’s Unfair Competition Law. California Superior Court Judge Elizabeth White held that the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act preempted claims against motor carriers brought under California’s Unfair Competition Law and protected motor carriers from state regulations. The federal law, part of the FAA Authorization Act, prohibits states from enacting and enforcing laws that are related to motor carrier prices, routes, or services, and Judge White held that the attorney general’s case, based on the allegation that the defendants had improperly classified drivers as independent contractors rather than employees, would have a significant effect on motor carrier prices, routes, or services. 9/28/09, Truckinginfo.com News, http://bit.ly/3U9Gkg
• Carbon offset kiosks at SFO help air travelers ditch guilt. San Francisco International Airport has partnered with a private company to install self-serve kiosks where passengers can purchase carbon offsets for their flights. Carbon offsets for travel are unregulated, however, so it is unsure if patrons are getting what they pay for as the idea is rather abstract. Travelers input the number of miles their trip will cover, how long it will take, and the number of passengers they plan to buy offsets for, and receive a piece of paper representing a fact that their money went toward a carbon-offset project somewhere or that an emission did not occur somewhere else. Though more certainty about an offset is preferred, Professor Michael Wara of Stanford University believes the program is “better than nothing” and the airport hopes that the kiosks raise awareness about the environmental impact of flying. 9/29/09, Rori Gallagher, National Public Radio, http://bit.ly/1j6nyE

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A summary review of Aviation and Airport Development related news and information that was made public during the past week.  These were all first posted, in abbreviated form, on http://twitter.com/smtaber.

• FAA Administrator Babbitt’s Pilot Fatigue Advisory Committee delivers its recommendations.  An advisory committee on pilot fatigue,convened by Administrator Babbitt, delivered its recommendations to the Federal Aviation Administration late Tuesday, September 1, 2009.  Committee members said the FAA had asked them not to make their recommendations public. Although FAA Administrator Randy Babbitt has promised to vet the recommendations swiftly and turn them into a formal proposal by the FAA, the process will take months to complete.  09/02/09, Denver Post,  http://bit.ly/4wAugf 
• FAA gives Southwest until December 24, 2009,  to replace unapproved parts. The FAA will require Southwest Airlines to replace unapproved parts associated with hinge fittings for the exhaust gate assembly--and which help protect aircraft flaps from engine heat--by December 24, 2009.  All other unapproved parts made by the same vendor must also be located and disposed of, and results of aircraft inspections must be sent to the FAA daily.  09/01/09, FAA Press Release,  http://bit.ly/5PAe6
• FAA tells Haines, Alaska, it cannot designate flight paths for helicopters.  Haines Borough, Alaska, is looking to eliminate flight-path restrictions and expand the number of clients that companies are permitted for commercial helicopter and heli-skiing activities.  The FAA has told the borough that it does not have the authority to regulate airspace, but borough leaders respond that they are only designating flight paths as a condition of a borough permit.  08/27/09, Chilkat Valley News, http://bit.ly/CmFqj
• Connecticut Governor furious about low-flying F-18s. Connecticut Governor Jodi Rell was incensed about a low-flying F-18 when neither the state of Connecticut nor the FAA had received advance notice about its flight.  A spokesman for Naval Air Force Atlantic stated that the aircraft operated in accordance with all FAA-approved visual flight rules and remained within speed and altitude restrictions.  08/29/09, Hartford Courant, http://bit.ly/P4waO.
• Expansion of Aero Country Airport in McKinney, Texas Causes Problems. McKinney City Council in Texas has approved development on the east side of the Aero Country Airport that could double its size; nearby residents oppose the expansion plans.  City By laws state that the City Council cannot reverse its decision, and Mayor Pro Tem Pete Huff seems unconcerned about homeowners who say they will move if the city does not halt the expansion, citing that the airport is part of the town.  08/27/09, NBCDFW.com, http://bit.ly/3vk14h.
• FAA Announces $2.5M grant to soundproof homes in Key West.  The Federal Aviation Administration this week approved a $2.5 million grant to soundproof 38 homes impacted by noise at Key West International Airport.  08/29/09, KeysNet.com, http://bit.ly/phcK7
• FAA gives Miami-Dade $4.2M to extend main runway at Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport. The FAA gave Miami-Dade $4.2 million to extend the main runway at Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport, which would allow heavier planes to use the airport to travel to and from destinations in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. With an extended runway Kendall-Tamiami would be able to receive flights that would normally go to Miami International Airport. 08/28/09, South Florida Business Journal, http://bit.ly/sqmn5.
• FAA signs ROD for Columbus (OH) Regional Airport Authority’s plan to move Columbus Airport’s runway farther south. Columbus Regional Airport Authority’s plans to relocate Port Columbus International Airport’s runway farther south along with other improvements has been approved by the FAA, contingent upon environmental remediation in the area. The next issue for the airport is a decision from the FAA on the level it will be funding the project; the government’s intent to fund only a smaller portion might require the airport authority to reapply.  08/28/09, Columbus Business First, http://bit.ly/flHYd.
• NTSB suggests to FAA new altitudes for Hudson Corridor.  The NTSB recommended new altitudes to the FAA for helicopters and planes over the Hudson Corridor to prevent something like the Aug. 8 midair collision that killed nine people from reoccurring. In the past, the FAA has often failed to heed NTSB suggestions, with many outstanding recommendations up to 10-15 years old.  08/27/09, The New York Times, http://bit.ly/rFOqg
• Connecticut Attorney General Blumenthal says he will take Airspace Redesign fight to Supreme Court.  Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal is disappointed that the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit has denied an Aug. 19 request to reconsider its refusal to halt the new FAA airspace redesign project. Mr. Blumenthal is preparing an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court asking it to overturn the ruling and override the FAA, since the FAA used defective data on noise and traffic and failed to follow its own rules and procedures. 08/26/09, acorn-online.com, http://bit.ly/2UUXRs
• FAA investigates Southwest regarding use of unauthorized parts.  FAA air-safety regulators are investigating unauthorized parts installed on at least 42 Southwest Airlines jets and why the carrier’s maintenance-control procedures failed to identify the problem. The suspect parts do not pose an “immediate safety issue” but planes were temporarily grounded. The controversy exemplifies continuing friction between airlines and federal regulators on how to deal with minor maintenance lapses.  08/26/09, Wall Street Journal, http://bit.ly/4n2Srj.
• Houston receives $8.8 million in grants from the FAA. The City of Houston Dept. of Aviation received $8.8 million in grants from the FAA to install new state-of-the-art equipment at George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). The grants, awarded through the FAA’s Airport Improvement Program (AIP) and Voluntary Airport Low Emission (VALE) program, will allow the purchase of equipment and vehicles that are expected to reduce emissions by up to 60 percent. 08/25/09, PRNewswire, http://bit.ly/4hcaM9.

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EPA Administrator signed a Notice on August 17, 2009, proposing Airport Deicing Effluent Guidelines. In that Notice, EPA is proposing "technology-based effluent standards for discharges from airport deicing operations."  Effluent guidelines and new source performance standards are technology-based regulations that are developed by EPA for a category of dischargers. In this case, the deicing effluent guidelines are based on the performance of control and treatment technologies.

In general, the regulations would apply to "wastewater associated with the deicing of aircraft and airfield pavement at primary commercial airports."  (Although various industry groups have objected to using the term "wastewater" to describe the deicing effluent, since that is the term that the EPA uses in the proposed rule, that is the term used in this article).  The proposed regulations would affect airports that

1. conduct aircraft deicing operations,
2. have 1,000 or more annual jet departures, and
3. 10,000 or more total annual departures.

Such airports would be required to collect spent aircraft deicing fluid (ADF) and treat the wastewater. They may either treat the wastewater on-site or send it to an off-site treatment contractor or publicly owned treatment works. Some airports would be required to reduce the amount of ammonia discharged from urea-based airfield pavement deicers or use more environmentally friendly airfield deicers that do not contain urea.

Although EPA Administrator signed the notice on August 17, 2009, it has not yet been published in the Federal Register.  The public comment period on the regulations will run for 120 days after publication in the Federal Register.

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The FAA, on June 5, 2009, issued two Notices of Order to Show Cause requesting "the views of interested persons on the FAA's tentative determination to extend through October 30, 2010, the January 15, 2008, order limiting the number of scheduled aircraft arrivals at John F. Kennedy International Airport [and Newark Liberty International Airport] during peak hours."

In the Notices, the FAA recites the events that have occurred since it instituted the January, 2008, Order, which include that current proposed rule to rescind its rule regarding slot auctions at both of the airports (74 Fed.Reg. 22714 (May 14, 2009); see also, "FAA Proposes Rescission of Congestion Management Rules for JFK, LaGuardia and Newark," posted May 14, 2009).  As result, the FAA states that it does not believe that it will have an "effective final rule" by the time the January, 2008, Order expires.  Without an extension and without an "effective final rule," the FAA believes that there will be a return to the "congestion-related delays that precipitated the voluntary schedule reductions and adjustments reflected in the January 2008 order."

This extension, then, the FAA claims, is necessary to prevent a recurrence of over-scheduling at the two airports between the date that the January, 2008 Order is slated to expire (October 24, 2009) and the effective date of the the replacement rule.  The Notice extends the January, 2008, Order until October 30, 2010.

To submit comments:

• Electronically:  go to http://regulations.gov and search for docket number FAA-2007-29320 or click here for the comment submission form.
• U.S> Mail:  send comments to Docket Operations, U.S. Department of Transportation, M-30, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, D.C. 20590-0001
• Fax:  fax to (202) 493-2251.

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The Federal Aviation Administration today proposed to rescind the congestion management rules for JFK, LaGuardia and Newark that would have created auctions for slots at those airports.  (Click here for the JFK and Newark proposal, click here for the LaGuardia proposal)  Those rules were ardently opposed by the airlines as well as by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.  These proposed rules would rescind the previous rules regarding the slot auctions, although it would not rescind the order limiting scheduled operations at the airports to 81 operations per hour.  That order remains in place until October, 2009.

Although the FAA admits that the Congestion Management Rules was "highly controversial," it does not admit that its position with respect to the FAA's intangible property rights to the slots was necessarily wrong.  The FAA states that a series of events led to its decision to rescind the rules.  First, in December, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued an order staying the rule. Then, the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, passed on March 11, 2009, contained a provision denying any funds to implement the auctions. Those two setbacks coupled with the souring economy, the FAA realized that "the halt in funding for this fiscal year makes it impossible for the rule to have the 10-year life originally contemplated, even without considering the challenging and widespread change in current economic conditions that led to the adoption of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009."  Thus:

Because of the complexity of the issues, the uncertainty caused by the Omnibus Appropriations Act, and the possible impact of the significantly changed economic circumstances on the slot auction program, the FAA believes it would be better to rescind the rule rather than propose to extend it.  Rescission would also eliminate the potential for wasting resources of all parties in the pending litigation.

Put off for another day, however, is the issue of whether government licenses are property.  The proposed rules simply state that the FAA is "in the process of considering its options with regard to managing congestion at the airport[s] in ways that provide a means for carriers to either commence or expand operations at the airport[s], thereby introducing more competition and service options to benefit the traveling public."  Thus, slot auctions may be off the table for the time being - at least until the the funding restriction of the Omnibus Appropriations Act expires on September 30, 2009 - but the FAA has not yet totally abandoned the idea.

Other Posts on this topic:

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An article in the March 23, 2009 edition of Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that, because of the decreased demand for air travel and the resulting loss of airport revenues, U.S. airports are seeking to replace lost revenues through non-airline related uses of airport land.  According to AW&ST, almost half of the revenues earned by airports comes from landing fees and rent for ticket counters and gates.  The balance comes from food and retail concessions, parking fees, rental car facilities and on-site hotels.  Therefore, as passenger traffic declines, so do airport revenues.

The declines in passenger traffic and airport revenues have forced airports to focus more on the use of one of their most valuable assets - land.  Many airports are looking at developing airport land for aviation related uses that do not produce passenger generated revenues, such as flight simulator facilities and air cargo facilities.  Some airports are considering non-aeronautical uses of airport property, such as warehouses, distribution centers and light industry, as alternate sources of revenue.

These kinds of uses present a number of potentially critical issues that must be considered in planning the use of airport land for non-aviation purposes, as well as planning for nearby off-airport development.  For example, entry by suppliers and employees of on-airport businesses are likely to create added airport access and security concerns.  New on-airport structures may impact air and ground safety and air traffic control procedures, and limit or restrict future changes in airport configuration and development.  New airport tenants will require new airport ground leases.

Another related question is whether the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will apply and  enforce Federal grant assurances with respect to non-aeronautical activities on airport property.  Sponsors of public airports that accept Federal assistance, either in the form of grants under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) or property conveyances under the Surplus Property Act, are obligated to comply with certain written grant assurances that require that the airport be operated for the use and benefit of all types, kinds and classes of aeronautical activity.  Federally obligated airport sponsors are prohibited from discriminating among airport users or granting exclusive rights, i.e., a right granted to a single operator to provide an aeronautical activity to the exclusion of others.  The grant assurances expressly refer only to aeronautical activities.  However, with the advent of increased non-aeronautical activity on airport property, the applicability of grant assurances to such activity is likely to become an important issue.

Other potential issues include increased on- and off-airport surface transportation, increased off-airport development, increased applications by businesses or individuals for access to the airport infrastructure from outside airport property, i.e., “through-the-fence” operations, and various environmental impact issues.
 

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With little fanfare, (FAA announced it through a line item buried deep in its website on its "airport noise" page), PARTNER (Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction) began a new website: NoiseQuest: Aviation Noise Information & Resources.  PARTNER, which is  "an FAA/NASA/Transport Canada-sponsored Center of Excellence," has lined up

• The Pennsylvania State University
• Purdue University
• Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc.
• Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority
• Palisades Citizens Association
• Wyle Laboratories

to be the sponsors of the site.  Despite the decidedly muted introduction, in setting up the site the sponsors state that the goal of NoiseQuest is to "your source for information on aviation noise. Our main goal is to improve the relationship between airports and their surrounding communities."

To that end, NoiseQuest has set a "community forum" on Wyle Laboratories' "Discussion Forum Website":

The NoiseQuest Community Forum is part of the Wyle Discussion Forum Website. This forum gives you an opportunity to share your ideas, interests, and question. Through this forum, we want to hear and discuss your noise problems and solutions, identify existing, effective outreach and education practices, and to share information between groups or individuals.

.  .  .  .

The NoiseQuest Community Forum can be found on the Wyle Noise Bulletin Discussion Forum List.

In addition to the Community Forum, NoiseQuest has several other sections that attempt to explain in layman's terms aviation noise, what causes it and how it is measured.

While community outreach is an important part of the FAA's strategy with respect to aviation, the community has to feel that not only does it have the opportunity to comment, but that its comments are heard, digested and implemented by the FAA, airports, and airlines.  With the lack of attention that was paid to the roll-out of this website, one wonders if FAA is serious in wanting to start a dialog with the communities surrounding airports about noise and emissions.  This could be a powerful tool in fostering communication between FAA and the communities if it is managed properly and results are taken to heart.  Such communication would be a benefit for the airports, airlines, the communities, and FAA.

Related posts:

• Presentation on Aviation Noise, presented at the AAAE Environmental Management Conference, February 10, 2009.

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The U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure has proposed H.R. 915, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009.  Since funding authorization for aviation programs and authorization for taxes and fees that provide revenue for the FAA expired at the end of fiscal year 2007 and revenue collections and FAA programs have been extended several times (until March 31, 2009), this bill is a priority item for the FAA. What follows is a summary of the provisions of the Reauthorization Bill.

Funding & Financing

• Taxes on aviation users will be increased - Passenger flight segment tax increased to $3.60; International departure and arrival taxes increased to $16.10; Alaska Hawaii facilities tax increased to $8.00.
• Provides historic funding levels for the FAA’s programs between 2009 and 2012, including $16.2 billion for AIP; $13.4 billion for Facilities and Equipment; $38.9 billion for operations; and $1.35 billion for Research, Engineering and Development.

Airports

• Makes several modifications to the current AIP distribution formula that provide significant increases in AIP funding for smaller airports, which are particularly reliant on AIP for capital financing, as well as more AIP discretionary funding.
• Increases Passenger Facility Charge from $4.50 to $7.00.  This provision was strongly supported by Jim Elwood, representing the American Association of Airport Executives.

ATC Modernization and NextGen

• Provides $13.4 billion for the FAA's Facilities and Equipment account.
• Increases the authority and visibility of the Joint Planning and Development Office.
• Requires the JPDO to develop a work plan that details, on a year-by-year basis, specific NextGen-related deliverables and milestones.
• FAA wants to emphasize "infrastructure" improvements at the nations' airports, which includes a full roll-out of NextGen.

Safety

• Includes several safety provisions, such as authorizing additional funds for runway incursion reduction programs and the acquisition and installation of runway status lights.
• Increases the number of aviation safety inspectors and requires safety inspections of foreign repair stations at least twice a year.
• Directs FAA to commence a rulemaking to ensure that covered maintenance work on air carrier aircraft is performed by part 145 repair stations or part 121 air carriers.
• Creates an independent Aviation Safety Whistleblower Investigation Office within the FAA charged with receiving safety complaints and information submitted by both FAA employees and employees of certificated entities.
• Directs FAA to modify its “customer service initiative” to remove air carriers or other entities regulated by the FAA as “customers.”
• Adds a two-year “post-service” cooling off period for FAA inspectors and requires principal maintenance inspectors to rotate between airline oversight offices every five years.

Small Communities

• Increases the total amount authorized for Essential Air Services each year from $127 million to $200 million.
• Requires 50% of over-flight fees collected in excess of $50 million be dedicated to EAS.
• Authorizes the Secretary to enter into long-term EAS contracts that would provide more stability for participating air carriers.
• Reduces local share of AIP projects from 10% to 5% for economically depressed communities.
• Includes several provisions to mitigate the effects of increases in aviation fuel costs by increasing the existing $200 per passenger subsidy cap.
• Extends the Small Community Air Service Development Program through fiscal year 2011, at the current authorized funding level of $35 million per year.

Consumer Protections

• Includes several provisions to ensure passenger needs are met including a mandate that air carriers and airports submit emergency contingency plans and detail in their plans how they allow passengers to deplane following excessive delays.
• DOT is required to publicize and maintain a hotline for consumer complaints, establish an Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, expand consumer complaints investigated, and require air carriers to report diverted and canceled flight information monthly.
• DOT Inspector General is asked to report on the causes of air carrier flight delays and cancellations.

Environmental Provisions

• Includes several provisions related to the environment, noise mitigation and land use initiatives, including:
  • An environmental mitigation pilot program;
  • The phasing out of noisy Stage II aircraft;
  • An aircraft departure queue management pilot program;
  • Broadened AIP eligibility to include several energy saving terminal projects; and
  • Requirements for the FAA to build sustainable air traffic control facilities.
• Allows airport operators to reinvest the proceeds from the sale of land that an airport acquired for a noise compatibility purpose, but no longer needs for that purpose, giving priority, in descending order to:
  • Reinvestment in another noise compatibility project;
  • Environmentally-related project
  • Another otherwise-eligible AIP project;
  • Transfer to another public airport for a noise compatibility project; or
  • Payment to the Trust Fund.
• Provides authorization for the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise (“CLEEN”) Engine and Airframe Technology partnership to develop, mature and certify CLEEN engine and airframe technology for aircraft over the next 10 years.

Labor

• Modifies the dispute resolution process for proposed changes to the FAA personnel management system, and replaces it with a new dispute resolution process.
• Applies the new dispute resolution process to the ongoing dispute between NATCA and the FAA. That is the changes implemented by the FAA on and after July 10, 2005, would be null and void and the parties will be governed by their last mutual agreement.
• Amends the Railway Labor Act to clarify that employees of an “express carrier” shall only be covered by the RLA if they are employed in a position that is eligible for certification under FAA’s rules and they are actually performing that type of work for the express carrier.
• Requires an assessment of training programs for controllers and air traffic technicians.
• Requires that FAA include employee unions as stakeholders in the development and planning for NextGen.
• Requires the establishment of a Task Force on Air Traffic Control Facility Conditions to determine whether employees are exposed to dangerous environmental conditions in their work place.
• Requires the Secretary to establish within the FAA a working group to develop criteria and make recommendations for the realignment and consolidation of services and facilities.

Aviation Insurance

• Extends requirement until September 30, 2012, that the FAA provide U.S. airlines’ aviation insurance from the first dollar of loss at capped premium rates, after which the requirement becomes discretionary until September 30, 2019.
• After December 31, 2019, such insurance must be provided instead by airline industry-sponsored risk-sharing arrangement approved by the Secretary.

Next Article: Summary of Comments regarding Safety Provisions.

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The FAA today issued a Notice of Amendment to Order indicating that it is amending its December 12, 2006 Order, which temporarily capped the scheduled operations at New York's LaGuardia Airport.  The FAA published a final rule instituting longer-term regulation involving auctions of slots, but that rule is currently stayed pending review by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York.  (See, "D.C. Court of Appeals Stays Slot Auctions at JFK, Newark and LaGuardia," posted Dec. 9, 2008).  In this Amendment, the FAA is "mov[ing] toward an hourly limit of 71 operations from 6 a.m. through 9:59 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday, and 12 noon through 9:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on Sunday."

Unlike with the final rule, under this amendment, the FAA states that it will not force air carriers to relinquish Operating authorizations at the airport, and instead it will "accept voluntary flight reductions for the duration of the Order."  The FAA will then retire the surrendered Operating Authorizations until an hourly average of 71 scheduled operations is achieved.  If the final rule comes into effect and further reductions are necessary, air carriers that voluntarily surrendered their Operating Authorizations will be credited.  In order to receive credit for the voluntary reduction in the future, though, an air carrier must present its offer to reduce scheduled service at LaGuardia no later than February 2, 2009.

The following comments were received by the FAA: 

• Comments of Air Carrier Association of America
  
• Comments of Airports Council International-North America
• Supplemental Comments of American Airlines
• Comments of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
• Comments of Coalition for an Airline Passengers' Bill of Rights
• Comments of Lehigh-Northamption Airport Authority
  
• Comments of Delta Airlines, Inc.
  
• Comments of US Airways Group, Inc.
  
• Comments of Midwest Airlines, Inc.
  
• Comments of Jetblue Airways, Inc.
• Supplemental Comments of Delta Airlines, Inc.
• Comments of American Airlines, Inc.

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In the January 9, 2009, edition of the Federal Register, the FAA announced that the Record of Decision (ROD) for the development and expansion of Runway 9R/27L and other associated airport projects at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport is now available.  With the publication of this notice in the Federal Register, opponents of the project have 60 days (i.e., until Tuesday, March 10, 2009) to file a Petition for Review of the ROD and the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS).

The FAA identified "Alternative B1b" as its "preferred alternative" in the ROD.  That was also its preferred alternative in the FEIS.  This alternative includes the expansion of Runway 9R/27L ti an overall length of 8,000 feet and width of 150 feet.  The runway will extend to the east without encroaching onto NE 7th Avenue and would be elevated over the Florida East Coast Railway and U.S. Highway 1.  The western extent of the runway is the Dania Cut-Off Canal.  Alternative B1b also includes the following projects:

• construct a new full-length parallel taxiway 75 feet wide on the north side of Runway 9R/27L with separation of 400 feet from 9R/27L;
• contruct an outer dual parallel taxiway that would be separated from the proposed north side parallel taxiway by 276 feet;
• construct connecting taxiways from the proposed full-length parallel taxiway to existing taxiways;
• construct an Instrument Landing System (ILS) for landings on Runways 9R and 27L;
• Runway 13/31 would be decommissioned and permanently closed due to the increased elevation of the expanded Runway 9R/27L at its intersection with Runway 13/31.

Opposition to the expansion centers around the increased noise that the expansion will bring, as well as damage to the surrounding environment.

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The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted a stay of the slot auctions that were scheduled to take place on January 12, 2009, pending arguments on whether the FAA has the legal authority to auction the slots.

Although the court's order does not go into any details as to why it is granting the Motion for Stay beyond stating that the Petitioners "have satisfied the stringent standards required for a stay pending court review," this is a significant victory for the Petitioners.  First, in order to obtain a stay one must show, among other things, "irreparable injury" and "likelihood of success on the merits."  This standard is a high one that is rarely surmounted.  Thus, it is an indication that the court is looking favorably upon the Petitioners' case.

Second, it pushes the date for the first slot auctions beyond the change of administrations.  The opponents of the slot auctions fervently hope that the Obama Administration will be more receptive to their pleas that slots auctions will not solve the problems at the New York/New Jersey airports.  With the change of administrations, there is hope among the opponents of the slot auctions that "a new, workable plan to reduce flight delays and give New York's airspace and airports the upgrade they need and deserve."

Petitioners' statements regarding the court's ruling:

• Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
• Air Transport Association of America

Neither the Department of Transportation nor the FAA have any press release or statement on their websites regarding the court's ruling.  However, the wire services and newspapers are reporting that Sarah Echols, a spokeswoman for the Department of Transportation, said:  "Today's court decision is bad news for travelers seeking a better flying experience in and out of the New York region.  We are committed to our goal of protecting travelers, giving passengers more options and improving the air travel experience, and will continue to assess our options to provide relief."

Previous blog posts regarding slot auctions:

• FAA Proposes Congestion Management Rule for JFK and Newark (May 21, 2008)
• FAA Issues Order Limiting Scheduled Operations at Newark Liberty (May 21, 2008)
• FAA Suspends Auction of Flight Slots at Newark (August 29, 2008)
• GAO Declares that the FAA Does Not Have Legal Authority to Auction Slots (October 1, 2008)
• Despite GAO Ruling FAA Issues Congestion Management Rules for JFK, LaGuardia and Newark (October 12, 2008)
• Legal Analysis of FAA's Slot Auction Rule for JFK and Newark, Part 1 (October 26, 2008)
• Legal Analysis of FAA's Slot Auction Rule for JFK and Newark, Part 2 (October 28, 2008)

Other news articles:

• The New York Times, Court Order Delays Auction of Landing Slots at Airports
• Business Week, Court blocks FAA plan to auction NYC-area slots
• The Dallas Morning News, Court blocks auction of NY airport slots
• The Associated Press, Court blocks FAA auction of airport slots
• The Wall Street Journal, Court Blocks Plan to Auction Landing Slots at New York Airports

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